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Questions and Answers
What is the native name of the highest mountain in North America?
Who conducts research on the effects of high-altitude illness on climbers in Denali?
Which individual acts as the team's expedition coordinator during the expedition to Denali?
Who monitors the team's health using advanced technology, including a thermometer pill to monitor core temperature?
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What challenges does the team face while climbing Denali?
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What is the main purpose of monitoring core temperatures in the expedition?
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Which factor does NOT affect the climbers' progress during the ascent of Denali?
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What did Peter Hackett study in relation to high altitudes?
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What is the primary cause of deaths for climbers on Denali?
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In extreme cold, why does the body prioritize core temperature over extremities?
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Study Notes
- Denali is the highest mountain in North America, located in Alaska, and is known for its extreme cold temperatures.
- The mountain is also called Mount McKinley, but its native name is Denali, meaning "the high one."
- Thousands of climbers attempt to climb Denali every year for personal achievement and sport.
- Denali is particularly dangerous due to its extreme cold and high altitude, which can cause various illnesses and death.
- Dr. Peter Hackett, a medical doctor, conducts research on the effects of high-altitude illness on climbers in Denali.
- The mountain's harsh conditions make it an ideal location for studying human behavior and health in extreme environments.
- Colby Kuz, director of the Alaska mountaineering school, leads an expedition to Denali with a team of world-class athletes and scientists.
- Caitlin Palmer, a veteran Denali guide, acts as the team's expedition coordinator.
- John Grunsfeld, an astronaut, joins the team to experience climbing at high altitudes and assist in Hackett's research.
- Dr. Howard Donner, a medical consultant for NASA and the US military, monitors the team's health using advanced technology, including a thermometer pill to monitor core temperature.
- The team faces challenges such as high winds, altitude sickness, and harsh weather conditions while climbing Denali.- The climbers, Colby, Caitlin, and Grunsfeld, are on an expedition to summit Denali, the highest mountain in North America.
- Core temperatures are being monitored in this expedition to solve the medical mystery of why extreme cold and high altitude are lethal.
- The team starts their ascent from base camp at 7,000 feet, with camps at 11,000, 14,000, and 17,000 feet.
- The climb consists of fifteen and a half miles and the climbers' progress depends on strength, speed, trail conditions, and weather.
- Denali's weather can change rapidly, with blinding snow and hurricane-like winds that can flash freeze exposed skin.
- More than 30 bodies of climbers remain frozen on Denali, a reminder of the dangers.
- The team reaches Camp 1 at 11,000 feet, but faces a survival situation due to a freezing storm.
- The formula for survival in extreme cold is to eat, drink, and maintain more heat than lost.
- The team constructs a temporary shelter to protect from the storm, with six stoves running to melt snow for water.
- The first recorded attempt to summit Denali was in 1912, but a blizzard forced retreat. Walter Harper was the first known person to reach the summit in 1913.
- Over the years, dozens of trails have been blazed to the summit, with forty-five percent of all deaths caused by climbing falls.
- Climbers practice survival skills, including using an ice axe and climbing out of crevasses.
- Falling into a crevasse can result in instant cold and death within three hours if not rescued.
- Core body temperatures can drop below normal, triggering vasoconstriction to save organs.
- The Midnight Sun reflects heat off the glacier, making the mountain's temperature feel like an oven.
- The team's core temperatures are rising, with Caitlin's temperature rising slightly and Grunsfeld's temperature heating up dangerously.
- Hypoxia, or lack of oxygen, can produce headaches, breathlessness, and nausea at high altitudes.
- Peter Hackett conducted an altitude study to combat Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) using ginkgo, an herbal remedy.
- Ginkgo reduces the incidence of mountain sickness by more than half.- Team of climbers, including Colby, Caitlin, and Grunsfeld, are ascending Denali, the highest mountain in North America.
- At high altitude and extreme cold, the body prioritizes core temperature over extremities, potentially leading to frostbite.
- Frostbite is a concern for climbers, with around 30 cases reported every season.
- Team's core temperatures are monitored using thermo pills to ensure normal readings.
- Climbers face challenges such as altitude sickness, extreme weather, and the risk of frostbite.
- Team's progress is halted due to severe weather and they take refuge in a snow cave.
- Team receives a distress call for a climber in need of rescue and mobilizes a high altitude rescue team.
- Rescue team is made up of various specialists, including paramedics and climbers.
- Climber is rescued and flown down to an emergency room in Anchorage.
- Team faces challenges with frostbite, high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), and acute mountain sickness (AMS), which can lead to death if not treated properly.
- Climbers must make difficult decisions about whether to continue climbing or return to base camp.
- Team's Radio contact with medical care is crucial for making decisions and staying informed about conditions.
- Friend and climber Kale Shaffer and Colby are close friends and volunteers to help save lives on Denali, putting themselves at risk.
- Climbers' motivations for climbing Denali include personal achievement, national honor, and the desire to see the view from the top of the world.
- Scientists study human survival on Denali and other extreme environments to understand the limits of human endurance.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the challenges of climbing Denali, the highest mountain in North America, and the medical, survival, and rescue efforts faced by climbers in extreme cold and high-altitude conditions.
