16 Questions
What is a key characteristic of a plural system mentioned in the text?
Promotes diversity and independence
How does the existence of multiple groups in a plural system affect power dynamics?
Leads to cancellation of each other's power-based influence
What distinguishes a plural system from a democratic system in terms of enforcement of rules?
Strict enforcement of rules
Why are plural systems described as more open and transparent?
As there is no single group with all the power
How are individuals recruited in plural systems according to the text?
Always eager to hire those with expertise
What does a plural educational system aim to equally favor, fund, and regulate?
All range of educational institutions
What is the primary difference between a democratic system and a plural system?
In a democratic system, representatives are elected by the public, while in a plural system, representatives are chosen from among the public and by the public.
Why are the representatives in a plural system considered experts in their respective fields?
Because they are already experts in their respective fields.
How does a pluralism-based system differ from democracy according to the text?
Pluralism involves selecting experts from different groups, while democracy involves selecting representatives based on public elections.
Why do experts from specific fields play a crucial role in a pluralistic system?
To provide diverse perspectives on decision-making.
What is the main reason behind the existence of pluralism according to the text?
To have experts make important decisions based on their field of expertise.
How does being closely associated with a specific field benefit individuals in a pluralistic system?
It enables them to make important decisions related to that field more effectively.
What role do ordinary politicians play in a pluralism-based system?
They have less influence compared to experts from different fields.
What is considered an advanced or improvised version of democracy?
A pluralism-based system
How does pluralism differ from democracy regarding representative selection?
In democracy, representatives are chosen based on expertise, while in pluralism, they are elected by the public
Why do plural systems emphasize having experts lead major decisions?
To guarantee experts can make better decisions based on their fields
Study Notes
Democratic Education vs. Democracy in Education
- Democratic education is based on applying democratic principles to educational philosophy (Aspin, 2018)
- It differs from the role of education in democracy
Objectives of Democratic Education
- Students make their own choices without external influence or pressure
- Equal rights among schools of all leagues (e.g., rules, regulations, and sanctions)
- Unified educational system for all races, genders, and ethnic groups
Benefits of Democratic Education
- Provides equal opportunities for all students to think and act for their future
- Acts as a shield for minority groups
Core Elements of Democratic Educational Philosophy
- Firm foundations: culture of equality and shared responsibility
- Collective decision-making: equal right to make decisions affecting the educational community
- Self-directed discovery: individuals decide how they want things to happen for the educational community's welfare
Pluralism vs. Democracy
- Pluralism: government controlled by multiple groups (e.g., unions, associations, activists, businessmen) rather than the people
- Democracy: government controlled by the people
- Pluralism is considered an advanced or improved version of democracy
Characteristics of Pluralism
- Multiple groups make decisions for the state
- Groups are experts in their fields, making better decisions for the public
- Examples: educational reforms, policies, and diversified curriculum
Test your knowledge on the key differences between democratic and plural systems of governance. Understand the selection process for representatives in each system and how decisions are made in each framework.
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