Democracy and ICT

• The module discusses democracy and ICT

Trends: Dimensions of Democracy

• Topics include democracy, some main points of democracy, different democratic practices, constitutional government, majority rule, private sectors, civil society, participation in democracy, and participation and representative democracy.

Lesson 1: Definition of Democracy

• Democracy is a government where the rulers are elected by the people
• The word "democracy" comes from the Greek word "demokratia," meaning "rule of the people."
• "Demos" means "people," and "kratos" refers to "power." Thus, democracy vests power in the people.
• It is a political system where people have a voice and power to intervene in government decisions.
• It involves participation, rights, and freedom for the people in the country.

Some Main Points of Democracy

• Citizens can practice the right to vote and participate in decision-making
• Democratic societies provide freedom
• Political power primarily comes from the common people
• Social equality and respect for individuals are present
• Laws are made for the common good and progress of the country
• The Philippines is a democratic country allowing its citizens to make decisions for the common good and practice their rights politically, economically, and socio-culturally.

Lesson 2: Democratic Practices

• Democracy involves the rights and voices of the people, allowing them a significant role in government decision-making
• Democratic communities like the Philippines have distinct democratic practices that enable citizens to express their rights and voice
• Examples of preferred democratic practices exist in the Philippines

Voting System

• Voting is a main way to choose government leaders
• Voting systems follow legal rules for conducting elections and determining results

Citizen Participation

• Individuals have opportunities to engage in public affairs.
• Citizen engagement can influence government decisions related to laws, economic activities, and socio-cultural activities

Constitutional Government

• This form of government is based on constitutions, also known as laws or written documents
• It defines how the government operates and balances power among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches

Majority Rule/Minority Rights

• Majority rule is used to organize a government and allows citizens to make decisions through voting
• Minority rights are individual rights held by minorities in a specific location
• Majority votes are key in democratic decision-making while minority rights and individual freedoms still exist
• The majority in power is responsible for safeguarding the rights of the minority, ensuring that the rights of minorities are protected

Private Sectors/Enterprise

• Private enterprise development or business creations is a product of democracy
• Citizens have the right to start a business if they follow government policies

Civil Society

• Visible civil organization establishment is visible in a democratic country

Lesson 3: Importance of Participation in Democracy

• Democratic participation refers to the active involvement of people in creating policies and programs that serve the interests of citizens and lead to overall societal progress
• It's crucial in democracy because it enables citizens to influence the government, especially in making laws
• Participation grants individuals the chance to affect public decisions for the common good
• It provides a chance to give opinions about issues
• Democratic participation boosts people's confidence through self-expression
• Participation creates a cooperative community and harmonious relationships
• Elections enable people to select the best leaders
• Being able to participate is crucial; it provides a means to come up with the best suggestions that will improve the country

Lesson 4: Participatory and Representative Democracy

• Participatory democracy highlights citizens directly affecting policies
• Representative democracy involves citizens choosing someone to vote on laws

Participatory Democracy

• It is an individual citizen engagement directly and involvement in forming policies in all political stuff
• Individuals decide on policies directly, and politicians carry them out
• In participatory democracy, people are directly involved in creating laws
• Implemented by leaders, all opinions are considered

Representative Democracy

• Citizens vote for representatives who make laws
• Citizens elect representatives to create laws for them
• Citizens' voices will be heard through an elected representative and leader in policy creation

Trends: Democratic Interventions and Undemocratic Practices

• Topic includes democratic interventions in political institutions, democratic interventions in social institutions, democratic and undemocratic practices, and the ill effects of undemocratic practices

Lesson 1: Democratic Interventions in Political Institutions

• Covers political democracy, political institutions, and democratic intervention in politics
• A fair political power exercise done by the people
• Citizens can make laws and are able to select representatives
• The people have the rights to participate in politics both directly and indirectly

Political Institutions

• They are government bodies that make, implement, and enforce laws in a state
• Institutes create political policies uphold stability, promote social systems, and work to resolve conflict

Democratic Intervention

• Political groups form to uphold and empower democratized pro-government ideas

Four Democratic Interventions in Politics

• Political corruption is an undemocratic practice present in the political system
• These problems occur when leaders neglect to address the necessary requirements of the populace and implement subpar programs

Basic Needs

• Poverty and hunger are societal concerns if they are not managed and solved
• Negative activities occur, especially when there is a clear distinction between the wealthy and the poor

Association

• It weakens the family relationship and kinship that are diminished because of migration for employment
• Government assistance is limited and causes corruption in leaders

Participation

• Effective democracy promotion demands active participation from citizens
• Collaboration solves the people's issues
• Exercise political responsibility together to come up with a common goal

Lesson 2: Democratic Interventions in Social Institutions

• Talks about democracy, social communities, and how to intervene socially
• It is an ongoing and peaceful move from capitalist and socialist ideals by instituting democratic government programs

Social Institutions

• Designed to create gradual mechanism emphasizing social stability, health care, religion, economy
• They act as a cooperative with all and work to come up with objectives
• They make the peoples works democratically

Social Intervention

• Address social welfare and the development of human standards dealing with poverty, public healthy issues, and employment

Social Welfare

• To provide wealth and make sure that people are having a sustainable lives

Trends: Dimensions of Democracy

• Safety net ensures the provision of the best support for people at the time of unpredictable hardship

Social Protection

• Alleviates project, lessens poverty, increases labor, reduce risks, and protect against hazards like discrimination and crimes

Lesson 3: Democratic and Undemocratic Practices

• Democratic practices represents the things that happen in societies every day
• Actions are done normally, and normalities are done

Democratic Examples

• People can freely share their view points, ideas, and opinions
• Inclusiveness is embraceable and people are treated justly.
• Suffrage represents citizen rights to vote in politics
• Authority stems from the people
• People are given an opportunity to improve upon public decision taking of initiative

Right to Life

• the ability to maintain harmony in a society where punishing or killing is deemed immoral

Minority groups

• Rights of those in ethnic, religious, and gender groups

Constitutional Government

• Set of rules that dictates how political power is used

Undemocratic Examples

• The list includes drug war, extra judicial killing, gender inequality, racial discrimination, and vote buying

Lesson 4: The Ill Effects of Undemocratic Practices

• Failures of societies and the lack of honest people
• People unite to come up with services

Democractic Participation

• People are empowered to better build, design and make programs

What happens when democracy goes wrong?

• It increases corruption with political alienation

Poverty

• Insufficiency of needs

Gender Biases

• Unfairness to one gender or another

Political Marginalization

• Limited growth with social exclusion

Racial Inequality

• Superior groups with specific traits over one another

Cultural Domination

• When one culture controls everything about another

Crisis of Representation

• The state is going through a crisis because there is exposure and corruption

Politics and Recognition

• People are in constant dialogue in defining their identity

Trends: History and Development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

History and Development of ICT

• Topics include the history of ICT, the dimensions of ICT, the functions of ICT, two converging technologies of ICT, the scope of ICT, and the benefits of ICT
• The history covers the history of information and communication technology.

What is Technology?

• It refers to methods, skills, and processes to complete tasks

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

• Uses automated ways to access, save, and share information. (Marquez, 2018)

Communication

• Exchanging of information between each other with symbols or actions

Information

• Investigation to obtain all necessary and relevant data

Digital Divide

• Outcome with advancements in ICT

Brief History of ICT

• 3000 BC: Abacus
• 1780s: Electrical discovery in the early 1900s
• 1833: Charles Babbage made computer designs
• 1931: The first eletronic calculator was assembled by Konrad Zuse.
• 1894: Gluglielmo covered "wireless telegraphyt" that was made into a radio in the 20th century
• 1920s: Origins for early transimission systems
• 1940s: Color TV
• 1960s: Color TV was more relevant
• 1876: Telephone
• 1970s: Mobile
• 1980s: Mobile sales

Digital Advances

• Mobile phones gained popularity during the 2000s

Main computer moments

• The first microprocessor made Intel in 1971
• 1981: Made by IBM, computes were manufactured

Years later

• With the help of Tim Lee came the Internet's Worldwide Web in 1991

Now

• Communication
• Able to use the Internet
• Camera Technology
• Use Applications

Today in the Phillipines

• They have television, the radio, and Teleradyo

Recently

• ICT can positively impact societies

Lesson 2: Dimensions of ICT

• This lesson functions to see how technology and information go hand in hand
• ICT can capture data and transmit

Data Storage

• Relies on disk space and availability

Data Transmission

• Data can be transfered by various devices like modem and cables

To Trasmit Data

• Wide Area Network, local and regional networks, internet, etc

Data Processing

• Change data into useful information

Sequence of operations

• Collects data and transforms it into visual tools

Manipulation

• Is to sumariz, fix, or change

Retrieval

• Find required details

Displaying

• Giving text, visual, audio, and or videos

Two convering Tech

• Compuation and communication

Computers

• Transmits all data

ICT

• Coded transimission through channels

ICT in various industries

• Agriculture
• Education
• In society
• Can economically grow a country

Global impact of ICT

• Corporate governance
• Help make economic decisions
• Better standards
• Critical thinking in health

Banking made easy for insurance

• Helps people manage their financials

Buisness

• altered the buisness world

Third lesson for ICT Benefit

• Able to work as a team
• Online work
• No working hard to be dishonest

Rural and City life

• Helps economy
• Connect markets

Transport and Quality life

• Can use new technology
• Healthcare
  • Better communication

Second Needs (for the phsically challanged)

• Helps with education
• SMS
• Helps one stay involved and able to study
• Allows the blind to work better

Education

• Facilitates the exchange of information and helps people learn

Environment

• Helps gather about data

Agriculture

• Can transfer information and helps a lot of farmers

Facilitating other things

• Linking stores
• eCommerce
• Tourism and traveling

IMPACT

• See what can happen at different levels
• Positive

Access to informatiom

• People can speed up and get quick access, but it can distract people too
• Machines replaced employers
• Bussiness and knowledge can cause competition

Business and knowledge can cause competition

ICT in academics

• Can help students but can be distracting, they can be hooked
• Impact positively and negatively

Medical Information

• Efficient