Democracy and Governance Overview
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Questions and Answers

What type of support does a monarchy primarily rely on?

  • Military force
  • Popular vote
  • Family and kin networks (correct)
  • Economic alliances

    • Which feature is NOT considered in the institutionalization of non-democracies?

  • Occurrence of elections
  • Existence of political parties
  • Presence of a legislature
  • Public opinion polls (correct)

    • In the classification of regimes, which of the following indicates a military dictatorship?

  • A leader appointed through family lineage
  • A head of government from current or former armed forces (correct)
  • A leader elected by public referendum
  • A head of government who is a civilian

    • What is a common characteristic of dictatorships mentioned?

    <p>Reliance on a support coalition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group poses the main threat to dictators as indicated in the content?

    <p>Their own ruling coalition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a sectarian political landscape?

    <p>Political demands are characterized by incompatible interests and intransigent posturing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario is a restricted political environment most likely to be observed?

    <p>Certain significant groups and issues are consistently excluded from the political process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of regulated political systems?

    <p>Stable political groups compete with minimal coercion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by latent factionalism in political contexts?

    <p>Historical exclusion of substantial population segments from power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes multiple identity political groups?

    <p>They may be enduring but often lack overlapping interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the two-dimensional characterization of democracy encompass?

    <p>Inclusion and contestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Przeworski et al., what is a defining characteristic of a democracy?

    <p>Ruling parties can win or lose elections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about Bashar Assad's 2014 vote share?

    <p>It demonstrates the lack of electoral competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'ex-ante uncertainty' in electoral processes?

    <p>The winner is not known in advance with certainty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic ensures that if the opposition wins an election, it can assume power?

    <p>Ex-post irreversibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dimension does 'inclusion' refer to in Dahl’s framework of democracy?

    <p>The accessibility of voting rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major flaw in considering Syria a democracy based on the 2014 elections?

    <p>Lack of genuine electoral competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary strategy used by dictatorial regimes to maintain control?

    <p>Coopting elites and social groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'replicability' refer to in the context of democratic elections?

    <p>Election processes should be documented and repeatable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In bureaucratized or legalistic systems, which statement is true?

    <p>Institutions and rules can influence political outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT characterize a democracy according to Przeworski et al.?

    <p>Legislation is solely dictated by a ruling party</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the DD measure focus on when classifying regimes?

    <p>Elections and legislative processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of contestation in a democratic framework?

    <p>It allows different views to compete in elections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of regimes may render institutions and rules less significant?

    <p>Highly personalistic regimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant limitation in measuring democracy mentioned in the content?

    <p>Overemphasis on contestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically required for a country to be classified as a democracy using the DD measure?

    <p>Chief executive must be elected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the operational version of the DD measure aim to classify?

    <p>Political regimes based on specific criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a potential issue with formal institutions in dictatorial regimes?

    <p>They might be manipulated for control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the value of transparency highlighted in the context of measuring democracy?

    <p>It enhances replicability of methodologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the process of alternation in power signify in the context of the DD measure?

    <p>Presence of democratic processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the 'Unregulated' category in the polity coding scale?

    <p>Political participation is fluid with no enduring national political organizations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the 'Multiple Identity' category, what is a common characteristic of political groups?

    <p>They are relatively stable and enduring political groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the 'Sectarian' category in polity coding?

    <p>Political demands often reflect incompatible interests among groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of 'latent factionalism' as described in the polity coding?

    <p>Certain populations have historically been excluded from power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes political activity in the 'Multiple Identity' category?

    <p>Political groupings compete without a recognized overlap of interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of political dynamics is evident in the 'Sectarian' category?

    <p>Oscillating conflict and favoritism based on identity group power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of political participation described as 'Unregulated'?

    <p>Fluid political participation characterized by fluid identities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the political landscape described in the 'Sectarian' category characterized?

    <p>Factionalism results in restricted political activity for competing groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Democracy and Governance

    • Democracies are characterized by inclusion, the number of people involved in political choices, and contestation, how competitive the political system is.
    • Dahl's framework for classifying regimes uses a two-dimensional model with inclusion on the vertical axis and contestation on the horizontal axis.
    • Przeworski et al.'s definition of democracy focuses on contestation as the core element.
    • A democracy is a system where ruling parties can win or lose elections.
    • Bashar Assad's 88.7% vote share in 2014 is not an indicator of democracy, as elections in Syria do not meet the criteria of a democratic system.
    • Przeworski et al.'s criteria for democracy include:
      • Ex-ante uncertainty: The winner is not known beforehand.
      • Ex-post irreversibility: If the opposition wins, they can take office.
      • Replicability: The winner does not discard the rules of the game.
    • Regimes outside of democracy are classified into monarchies, military dictatorships, and civilian dictatorships.
    • Monarchies are based on family and kin networks.
    • Military dictatorships are backed by armed forces.
    • Civilian dictatorships are led by those who are neither monarchs nor military members.
    • Institutions in dictatorships can play a crucial role, even in highly personalistic regimes.
      • Examples include bureaucratized or legalistic systems where rules and formal institutions are used to maintain power.
    • Measuring democracy is complex and involves various methods and definitions.
      • Some measurements focus on contestation while others incorporate inclusion as a key factor.
    • The DD measure (PACL dataset) is an operational definition of democracy.
      • It relies on a checklist of criteria:
        • Chief executive elected
        • Legislature elected
        • More than one party
        • Alternation in power has taken place
      • Failing even one of these criteria classifies a regime as a dictatorship.
    • Polity coding uses a five-category scale for PARREG (Regulation of Participation):
      • Unregulated: Fluid participation with no enduring political organizations.
      • Multiple Identity: Enduring political groups compete but lack common interests.
      • Sectarian: Incompatible interests and factionalism within political groups.
      • Restricted: Some organized political participation, but significant groups or issues excluded.
      • Regulated: Regular political competition with limited use of coercion.

    Dictatorships: Power and Control

    • Dictators rely on support coalitions and are not all-powerful.
    • The primary threat to dictator rule comes from within their own coalition.
    • Dictators employ strategies to maintain power:
      • Coopting elites, party members, and social groups
      • Coopting potential opposition by dividing and conquering
      • Gathering information about popularity and local officials
      • Creating an appearance of democracy

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    Description

    This quiz explores the essential concepts of democracy, including inclusion and contestation. It highlights Dahl's framework for classifying regimes and Przeworski et al.'s criteria for democracy. Assess your understanding of these fundamental principles and their real-world implications.

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