Delusional Disorders in Psychology

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Questions and Answers

What does Client-Centered Therapy emphasize?

Teaching clients social skills

Helping clients by accepting, empathizing accurately, and conveying genuineness (correct)

Focusing on childhood and developmental issues

Addressing cognitive impairments in schizophrenia

Which therapy specifically blames neither the parents nor the child for the disease?

Client-Centered Therapy

Gestalt Therapy

Maudsley Model (correct)

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Which therapy involves victims talking about their feelings and reactions to traumatic experiences?

Rational-Emotive Behavioral Therapy

Psychological Debriefing (correct)

Interpersonal Psychotherapy

Motivational Interviewing

What is the main focus of Interpersonal Psychotherapy?

Clarifying and changing one's interpersonal problems Signup and view all the answers

What type of approach is used in Social Skills Training?

Teaching clients social skills Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy is based on the belief that improving current problems and relationships leads to recovery?

Interpersonal Psychotherapy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a characteristic of Brief Psychotic Disorder?

Delusions, hallucinations, or catatonic behavior for at least 1 day but less than 1 month Signup and view all the answers

What is common among individuals with Schizoaffective Disorder?

Anosognosia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom that can be present in Schizophreniform Disorder?

Negative symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder involves delusions as a consequence of a close relationship with a delusional individual?

Shared Psychotic Disorder (Folie à Deux) Signup and view all the answers

Which Intellectual Disability severity level is associated with IQ scores ranging from 50-69?

Mild Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disorders is characterized by adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains?

Intellectual Developmental Disorder Signup and view all the answers

Which of these components is included in intellectual functioning?

Perceptual Reasoning Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder requires the presence of delusions or hallucinations for at least 6 months?

Schizophrenia Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is mentioned as having a genetic cause among neurodevelopmental disorders?

Phenylketonuria Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the lack of awareness of one’s own mental health condition?

Anosognosia Signup and view all the answers

Which protein deposits are involved in Lewy Body Disease?

Lewy Bodies Signup and view all the answers

What is a common early symptom of HIV infection that affects cognitive function?

Cognitive slowness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a therapeutic term referring to specific details and background information?

Idiographic data Signup and view all the answers

What are common motor symptoms of Parkinson's Disease?

Stooped posture and tremors Signup and view all the answers

What feature is not associated with substance-use related neurocognitive disorders?

Chorea Signup and view all the answers

Which therapeutic technique involves the patient describing any thoughts that come to mind, no matter how trivial?

Free Association Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of prions in Prion Disease?

To reproduce and cause damage to brain cells Signup and view all the answers

What does 'catharsis' refer to in the context of psychodynamic therapy?

Reliving past repressed feelings for emotional release Signup and view all the answers

What neurological changes are associated with HIV infection?

Generalized atrophy, edema, inflammation, and patches of demyelination Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Huntington's Disease?

Chronic progressive chorea with cognitive problems Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is recommended for treating Bipolar Disorder?

Electroconvulsive Therapy Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy is NOT listed as recommended for Anxiety Symptoms?

Family Counseling Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy is recommended for Conduct and Socialized Symptoms Disorders?

Family Counseling Signup and view all the answers

For Gender Dysphoria, which therapy includes hormonal treatment?

Hormone Therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy approach is recommended for Substance Use Disorder?

Contingency Management Programs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following therapies is recommended for treating Mood Disorders?

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disorders can benefit from Psychoeducation?

Gender Dysphoria Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy is NOT listed as recommended for Individual PD?

Mind-Body Training Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is primarily characterized by difficulties in the acquisition and use of language?

Language Disorder Signup and view all the answers

At what age should children's progression in mastering speech sound production result in intelligible speech?

3 years Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is a primary characteristic of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in pre-school age children?

Hyperactivity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Sudden changes in speech fluency Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by the inability to follow the rules of conversation and trouble understanding metaphors?

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is Rett Disorder most commonly associated with?

Brain damage Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder involves disturbances in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech?

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder Signup and view all the answers

Which co-morbidity is one of the most common in children with Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD)?

Autism Spectrum Disorder Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is commonly used for Generalized Anxiety Disorder but not for Social Anxiety?

Free Association Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy is common to both OCD and Body Dysmorphic Disorder?

Exposure and Response Prevention Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a treatment specific to Panic Attacks but not for PTSD?

D-Cycloserine Signup and view all the answers

What treatment is listed for Specific Phobia but not for Depression?

Systematic Desensitization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments is exclusive to Dissociative Amnesia?

Drug Therapy (Amytal, Pentothal) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common treatment method for both PTSD and Depression?

Antidepressant Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

Systematic Desensitization Signup and view all the answers

Which therapeutic approach is common to both Agoraphobia and Social Anxiety?

Benzodiazepines Signup and view all the answers

Which type of therapy involves guiding individuals with PTSD to change their dysfunctional attitudes and styles of interpretation developed from traumatic experiences?

Cognitive Processing Therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is aimed at keeping track of drinking behavior and planning for risky situations and reactions?

Relapse-Prevention Training Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Beck's Cognitive Therapy?

Identifying and changing maladaptive assumptions and ways of thinking Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method used in Exposure Treatment?

Antagonist Drug Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy technique is specifically used to help eliminate thoughts that one finds unacceptable?

Neutralizing Signup and view all the answers

What does Vagus Nerve Stimulation involve?

Implanted pulse generator sending electrical signals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is used to produce feelings of relaxation and drowsiness?

Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which type of therapeutic session helps patients develop skills for accurately understanding their own and others' emotions?

Mentalization Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes hyperactivity in ADHD from movements in Stereotypic Movement Disorder?

Fidgetiness and restlessness in ADHD are generalized and not characterized by repetitive stereotypical movements. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments uses electrical currents to induce a seizure in the brain?

Electroconvulsive Therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a diagnosis of ADHD in individuals with Intellectual Developmental Disabilities (IDD)?

Inattention or hyperactivity must be excessive for their developmental level. Signup and view all the answers

Which drug causes violent vomiting when followed by the ingestion of alcohol?

Disulfiram Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Specific Learning Disorder?

Repetitive, seemingly driven motor behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical feature of Developmental Coordination Disorder?

Difficulty with coordinated motor skills compared to peers. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Tourette's Disorder from Persistent Tic Disorder?

Presence of both motor and vocal tics. Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly associated with Delirium?

Impaired consciousness and cognition over a few hours or days. Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates Major Neurocognitive Disorder from Mild Neurocognitive Disorder?

Major Neurocognitive Disorder affects advanced cognitive processes and day-to-day functioning significantly. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease?

Excessive formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Signup and view all the answers

In Vascular Injury, what causes the neurocognitive deficits?

Damage or blockage of blood vessels in the brain. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about Frontotemporal Degeneration?

It damages the frontal or temporal regions of the brain, affecting personality, language, and behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Delusional Disorders

Delusional Disorders: characterized by one or more delusions for at least 1 month, with no other characteristics of schizophrenia
Tend to:
- Not have flat affect, anhedonia, or other negative symptoms
- Be socially isolated due to being suspicious
Subtypes:
- Erotomanic
- Grandiose
- Jealous
- Persecutory
- Somatic
- Mixed
- Unspecified

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Brief Psychotic Disorder: characterized by the presence of one of the following: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, or catatonic behavior for at least 1 day but less than 1 month
Typical experience:
- Emotional turmoil
- Overwhelming confusion
Can experience relapse:
- If psychotic symptoms persist for at least 1 day in PD, an additional diagnosis of Brief Psychotic Disorder may be appropriate

Schizophreniform Disorder

Schizophreniform Disorder: characterized by two or more of the following, present during a 1-month period: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, catatonic behavior, or negative symptoms
Duration: at least 1 month but less than 6 months
Development: similar to schizophrenia

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia: characterized by two or more of the following, present during a 1-month period: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, catatonic behavior, or negative symptoms
Duration: at least 6 months
Disturbance: in one or more major areas
Prognosis: influenced by duration and severity of illness and gender

Schizoaffective Disorder

Schizoaffective Disorder: characterized by major mood episodes + delusions or hallucinations for 2 or more weeks
Characteristics:
- Anosognosia (poor insight) common
- Less severe than in schizophrenia

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Intellectual Developmental Disorder

Intellectual Developmental Disorder: characterized by both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains
Difficulties: with day-to-day activities to an extent that reflects both severity of their cognitive deficits and the type and amount of assistance they receive
Components of Intellectual Functioning:
1. Verbal Comprehension
2. Working Memory
3. Perceptual Reasoning
4. Quantitative Reasoning
5. Abstract Thought
6. Cognitive Efficacy

DSM-IV Criteria Intellectual Disability Severity

Mild: IQ 50-69, can live independently, intermittent support needed
Moderate: IQ 36-64, moderate levels of support, limited support needed in daily situations
Severe: IQ 20-35, requires daily assistance, extensive support needed

Language Disorder

Language Disorder: difficulties in the acquisition and use of language
Deficits: in comprehension and production (e.g., reduced vocabulary, limited sentence structure)

Speech Sound Disorder

Speech Sound Disorder: difficulty in speech sound production
Characteristics:
- Children's progression in mastering speech sound production should result in intelligible speech by age 3
- Continuous use of immature phonological processes after the age where these sounds can be produced

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering): disturbances in normal fluency and time patterning of speech that are inappropriate for age
Characteristics:
- Can be more sudden and insidious

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder: difficulties in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication
Deficits: in using communication for social purposes in a manner appropriate for the situation
Characteristics:
- Difficulties in following the rules of conversation
- Trouble understanding metaphors

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder: characterized by deficient communication, restrictive repetitive actions, and impaired social interaction
Evident: in early childhood
Characteristics:
- Failure to develop social relationships, social reciprocity, nonverbal communication, initiating social events, and maintaining social relationships
- Inability to engage in joint attention or maintain sameness

...### Types of Therapies

Humanistic Therapies:
- Client-Centered Therapy: focuses on accepting, empathizing, and conveying genuineness to clients
- Support Group: helps people with similar problems meet together
- Home-Based Self-Help Programs: provides self-help programs at home
- Social Skills Training: teaches social skills to individuals
- Family Therapy: helps families change in therapeutic ways, including Maudsley Model
- Group Therapy: helps people with similar problems meet together with a therapist
- Psychological Debriefing: helps victims talk about their feelings and reactions to traumatic experiences
- Interpersonal Psychotherapy: focuses on improving interpersonal functioning and addressing current problems and relationships
- Motivational Interviewing: helps individuals change their behaviors

Cognitive Therapies

Dialectical Behavior Therapy: helps individuals with emotional regulation difficulties or self-destructive behaviors
Beck's Cognitive Therapy: helps individuals identify and change maladaptive assumptions and ways of thinking
Cognitive Processing Therapy: helps individuals with PTSD examine and change dysfunctional attitudes and styles of interpretation

Behavioral Therapies

Exposure and Response (Ritual) Prevention: treats OCD by exposing clients to anxiety-arousing thoughts or situations and preventing compulsive acts
Aversion Therapy: treats undesirable behaviors by presenting unpleasant stimuli
Relapse-Prevention Training: helps individuals with alcohol use disorder track their drinking behavior, apply coping strategies, and plan for risky situations

Family and Group Therapies

Positive Family Interaction Therapy: involves individual CBT with the client and additional family sessions
Family Therapy: helps families change in therapeutic ways, including Maudsley Model

Medications

Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs: produce feelings of relaxation and drowsiness, including benzodiazepines and barbiturates
Antidepressant: improves mood of people with depression
Antipsychotic: corrects grossly confused or distorted thinking and relieves anxiety by altering dopamine activity
Vagus Nerve Stimulation: treats depression by sending regular electrical signals to the vagus nerve
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: treats depression by sending a current into the brain
Mood Stabilizers: stabilize moods of people with bipolar disorder, including lithium

Treatments for Specific Disorders

Generalized Anxiety Disorder: treated with free association, dream interpretation, transference, resistance, client-centered therapy, CBT, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and play therapy
Specific Phobia: treated with exposure treatments, participant modeling, systematic desensitization, and flooding
Agoraphobia and Separation Disorder: treated with exposure therapy, support groups, home-based self-help programs, benzodiazepines, and SSRIs
Social Anxiety: treated with benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and CBT
Panic Attacks: treated with exposure therapy, social skills training, D-Cycloserine, antidepressants, CBT, and anxiolytics
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: treated with free association, short-term psychodynamic therapy, neutralizing, exposure and response prevention, antidepressants, and positive family interaction therapy
Body Dysmorphic Disorder: treated with antidepressants and exposure and response prevention
PTSD and Acute Stress Disorder: treated with antidepressants, CBT, exposure therapy, group and family therapy, and psychological debriefing
Dissociative Amnesia: treated with psychodynamic therapy, hypnotic therapy, and drug therapy
Dissociative Identity Disorder: treated with psychodynamic, supportive, cognitive, and drug therapy

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Description

This quiz covers the characteristics and types of delusional disorders, including persistent beliefs contrary to reality, social isolation, and shared psychotic disorders. Learn about the different types of delusional disorders, such as erotomanic and grandiose.