Delhi 12th to 15th Century Quiz and Flashcards

Study Notes

Delhi: 12th to 15th Century Overview

Delhi emerged as an important city in the 12th century, becoming a commercial center under the Tomara Rajputs and Chauhans.
The Tomara Rajputs ruled in the early 12th century and were succeeded by the Chauhans (Chahamanas) around 1165.
The transformation of Delhi into a capital began with the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate in the 13th century.

Key Rulers of Delhi

Rajput Dynasties:
- Tomaras: Early rule until 1165.
- Chauhans: Ruled from 1165 until 1192.
Early Turkish Rulers:
- Qutbuddin Aybak: 1206 – 1210.
Khalji, Tughluq, Sayyid, and Lodi Dynasties followed, each contributing to Delhi's development.

Governance and Justice

Persian was the language of administration under the Delhi Sultans.
Learned men including secretaries, poets, and courtiers documented histories and guided rulers on governance.
The "Circle of Justice" concept emphasized the interdependence of kings, soldiers, and peasants for a stable state, with justice being crucial for prosperity.

Gender and Rulership

Raziyya, daughter of Sultan Iltutmish, became Sultan in 1236 but was overthrown in 1240; she was unusual in a male-dominated narrative.
Criticism of female rulers was present, exemplified by Minhaj-us-Siraj's perspective on Raziyya, asserting social order based on gender.
Other significant female rulers included Rudramadevi of the Kakatiya dynasty and Didda of Kashmir, who held influential roles despite societal constraints.

Administration under Khaljis and Tughluqs

Iltutmish employed trusted slaves, rather than aristocrats, as governors to ensure loyalty and reliable governance.
Despite efforts, large parts of the subcontinent remained autonomous, with local chieftains often retaining control even during invasions or administrative challenges.

Challenges to the Sultanate

The Mongol invasions heightened during the reigns of Alauddin Khalji and Muhammad Tughluq, prompting the need for a large standing army.
The administrative complexities of maintaining control over vast territories were significant, especially in the face of constant external threats.

Conclusion: Transition of Power

After the Tughluqs, the Sayyid and Lodi dynasties ruled, while other regions gained independence.
This period saw the rise of new ruling groups like Afghans and Rajputs, illustrating the fragmented political landscape in the late medieval era.

Description

Explore the rich history of Delhi from the 12th to 15th centuries, focusing on its rise as a commercial hub under the Tomara and Chauhan dynasties. Learn about key rulers and the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate, as well as the governance practices during this transformative period.