Dehydration Reactions with Sugars

What product is formed when penta-sugars react with concentrated sulfuric acid?

What is the role of concentrated sulfuric acid in the reactions discussed?

In Bial's test, what does concentrated hydrochloric acid specifically target?

Which compound reacts with resorcinol in the Molsch reaction?

What complex is formed in Bial's test when furfural reacts with orcinol?

Concentrated sulfuric acid acts as an oxidizing agent in the reaction with penta-sugars.

Bial's test involves the reaction of furfural with orcinol in the presence of ferric ions to yield a blue-green complex.

Hexa-sugars primarily produce furfural when reacted with concentrated sulfuric acid.

The Molsch reaction specifically involves the reaction of fructose with hydrochloric acid to yield 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.

The violet compound that forms from the reaction of furfural with alpha-naphthol appears as a ring between two separation surfaces.

Dehydration Reactions with Sugars

Concentrated sulfuric acid acts as a dehydrating agent, removing water molecules from sugars.
Penta-sugars (5-carbon sugars) react with concentrated sulfuric acid to produce furfural.
Hexa-sugars (6-carbon sugars) react with concentrated sulfuric acid to produce hydroxymethylfurfural.
Furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural react with α-naphthol, forming a violet compound visible as a ring between separation surfaces.

Molsch Reaction

Fructose or glucose reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid (3N or 12%) to form 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
The 5-hydroxymethylfurfural then reacts with resorcinol.

Bial's Test

Bial's test specifically detects pentose monosaccharides.
Concentrated hydrochloric acid dehydrates pentose sugars, producing furfural.
Furfural reacts with orcinol in the presence of ferric ions to produce a blue-green complex.

Concentrated Sulfuric Acid and Sugars

Concentrated sulfuric acid is a dehydrating agent, removing water molecules from penta- and hexa-sugars.
This reaction produces furfural from penta-sugars and hydroxymethylfurfural from hexa-sugars.
Furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural can react with α-naphthol, resulting in a violet compound.
This reaction is observable as a ring between the two separation surfaces.

Molsch Reaction

The Molsch reaction is analogous to the reaction with concentrated sulfuric acid.
In the Molsch reaction, fructose or glucose reacts with hydrochloric acid (3 N or 12%) to produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
5-hydroxymethylfurfural then reacts with resorcinol.

Bial's Test

Bial's test is specific for pentose monosaccharides.
Concentrated hydrochloric acid removes water molecules from pentose sugars, forming furfural.
Furfural reacts with orcinol in the presence of ferric ions, producing a blue-green complex.

This quiz covers the essential dehydration reactions of sugars involving concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, highlighting key products such as furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural. It also explores specific tests like Molsch Reaction and Bial's Test aimed at identifying sugar types. Test your knowledge of these important carbohydrate reactions and their applications.