Dehydration and Electrolyte Disturbances in Medical Illnesses

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What is a common problem that may lead to intravascular volume contraction and sodium depletion?

Inability to access fluids (correct)

High sodium diet

Excessive fluid intake

Overhydration

Which syndrome can contribute to sodium depletion?

Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (correct)

Pulmonary embolism

Vitamin deficiency

Hypoglycemia

What response does the kidney have to volume depletion?

Decrease sodium retention

Enhance edema formation

Increase free water excretion

Conserve free water (correct)

Which solution is considered the most versatile method for treating volume depletion?

Intravenous saline Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the kidney conserves free water in response to volume depletion?

Sodium overload exacerbates Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can be exacerbated by an increase in sodium retention during volume depletion?

Hypernatremia Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with potassium depletion?

Fatigue Signup and view all the answers

What electrolyte deficit often complicates the symptoms of potassium depletion?

Magnesium Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fluid is commonly used for dehydrated patients with ongoing fluid losses?

Isotonic fluids Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial recommended rate of maintenance therapy in hospitalized patients?

$25-30$ ml/kg/day Signup and view all the answers

Which type of solution worsens hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis due to high rates of infusion?

Crystalloids Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred route for administering fluids, including maintenance and replacement fluids?

Oral intake Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for administering hypertonic (3%) saline in a monitored setting?

To reduce the risk of overly rapid correction and demyelination syndrome Signup and view all the answers

How does a healthy individual differ from a sick individual in terms of managing water and electrolytes?

Sick individuals cannot regulate intake and excretion of water and electrolytes effectively Signup and view all the answers

Which electrolyte is NOT mentioned as one of the imperative minerals in the body?

Iron Signup and view all the answers

What can be an indication of an illness or improper fluid regulation based on electrolyte levels?

High or low levels of electrolytes Signup and view all the answers

In what medical condition is fluid replacement particularly important to prevent morbidity?

Dehydration Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of correcting hypernatremia too slowly in patients with low fluid intake?

Development of thrombotic vascular events Signup and view all the answers

Which body function can dehydration negatively impact?

Metabolic function Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms may be challenging to differentiate between hypovolemic hyponatremia and dehydration?

Confusion and apathy Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective way to replace lost electrolytes in times of illness?

Daily food and beverages Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated when a doctor detects abnormal electrolyte levels in a blood test?

Illness or improper fluid regulation Signup and view all the answers