Dehydration and Electrolyte Disturbances in Medical Illnesses
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Questions and Answers

What is a common problem that may lead to intravascular volume contraction and sodium depletion?

  • Inability to access fluids (correct)
  • High sodium diet
  • Excessive fluid intake
  • Overhydration
  • Which syndrome can contribute to sodium depletion?

  • Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (correct)
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • Vitamin deficiency
  • Hypoglycemia
  • What response does the kidney have to volume depletion?

  • Decrease sodium retention
  • Enhance edema formation
  • Increase free water excretion
  • Conserve free water (correct)
  • Which solution is considered the most versatile method for treating volume depletion?

    <p>Intravenous saline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the kidney conserves free water in response to volume depletion?

    <p>Sodium overload exacerbates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can be exacerbated by an increase in sodium retention during volume depletion?

    <p>Hypernatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically associated with potassium depletion?

    <p>Fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What electrolyte deficit often complicates the symptoms of potassium depletion?

    <p>Magnesium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fluid is commonly used for dehydrated patients with ongoing fluid losses?

    <p>Isotonic fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial recommended rate of maintenance therapy in hospitalized patients?

    <p>$25-30$ ml/kg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of solution worsens hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis due to high rates of infusion?

    <p>Crystalloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred route for administering fluids, including maintenance and replacement fluids?

    <p>Oral intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for administering hypertonic (3%) saline in a monitored setting?

    <p>To reduce the risk of overly rapid correction and demyelination syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a healthy individual differ from a sick individual in terms of managing water and electrolytes?

    <p>Sick individuals cannot regulate intake and excretion of water and electrolytes effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte is NOT mentioned as one of the imperative minerals in the body?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be an indication of an illness or improper fluid regulation based on electrolyte levels?

    <p>High or low levels of electrolytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what medical condition is fluid replacement particularly important to prevent morbidity?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of correcting hypernatremia too slowly in patients with low fluid intake?

    <p>Development of thrombotic vascular events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body function can dehydration negatively impact?

    <p>Metabolic function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptoms may be challenging to differentiate between hypovolemic hyponatremia and dehydration?

    <p>Confusion and apathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective way to replace lost electrolytes in times of illness?

    <p>Daily food and beverages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated when a doctor detects abnormal electrolyte levels in a blood test?

    <p>Illness or improper fluid regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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