Definitions of Selected Drug Categories

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Questions and Answers

Match the following oral dosage forms with their descriptions:

Tablet = Solid dosage form intended for oral administration. Syrup = Liquid dosage form containing sugar and active ingredients. Capsule = Gelatin container filled with powder or liquid for oral use. Lozenge = Solid formulation designed to dissolve slowly in the mouth.

Match the following semisolid formulations with their characteristics:

Ointment = Semisolid application with a greasy base. Cream = Emulsion of oil and water for topical use. Gel = Semisolid that is clear and contains water. Paste = Thicker semisolid that stays in place and protects the skin.

Match the following transdermal patches with their usages:

Nicotine patch = Used for smoking cessation. Fentanyl patch = Used for chronic pain management. Hormonal patch = Used for contraception or hormone replacement. Scopolamine patch = Used for motion sickness relief.

Match the following otic drug administration forms with their suitable applications:

Ear drops = Liquid dosage form for treating ear infections. Otic solutions = Mixture for irrigation of the ear canal. Ear ointment = Semisolid formulation for localized treatment. Otic suspensions = Liquid containing solid particles to treat outer ear infections. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following rectal drug delivery forms with their descriptions:

Suppository = Solid form meant to dissolve in the rectum. Enema = Liquid solution introduced into the rectum. Rectal cream = Semisolid meant for local treatment in the rectum. Rectal gel = Semisolid that provides localized drug action in the rectum. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following semisolid formulations with their intended effects:

Ointment = Provides a protective barrier and emollient. Cream = Moisturizes and delivers active ingredients. Gel = Provides cooling sensation and rapid absorption. Paste = Offers adhesion and remains in place longer. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following transdermal patches with their active ingredients:

Nicotine patch = Nicotine. Fentanyl patch = Fentanyl. Estradiol patch = Estradiol. Scopolamine patch = Scopolamine. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following oral dosage forms with their advantages:

Tablet = Long shelf life and good stability. Syrup = Easily swallowed and often palatable. Capsule = Mask unpleasant tastes and odors. Lozenge = Provides localized treatment in the mouth. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following oral dosage forms with their characteristics:

Tablet = Solid drug form compressed into a disk Capsule = Gelatin shell containing powdered drug Syrup = Liquid formulation with sweeteners Lozenge = Dissolvable tablet meant to dissolve in the mouth Signup and view all the answers

Match the semisolid formulations to their applications:

Ointment = Used for localized skin conditions Cream = Emulsion suitable for dry skin Gel = Clear formulation often for oily skin Paste = Thicker formulation for protective barriers Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of transdermal patches with their purposes:

Nicotine patch = Smoking cessation aid Fentanyl patch = Chronic pain management Contraceptive patch = Hormonal birth control Nitroglycerin patch = Angina pectoris treatment Signup and view all the answers

Match the following oral dosage forms with their descriptions:

Tablet = Solid dose form that disintegrates in the stomach Capsule = Solid dosage form enclosed in a gelatin shell Syrup = Liquid dosage form that contains sugar Suspension = Liquid containing solid particles that are not dissolved Signup and view all the answers

Match the following semisolid formulations with their characteristics:

Cream = Oil-in-water emulsion for external application Ointment = Water-in-oil emulsion for moisturizing skin Gel = Semisolid with a jelly-like consistency Paste = Thicker formulation used for protective barrier Signup and view all the answers

Match the otic drug administration types with their purposes:

Ear drops = Direct treatment of ear infections Otic solutions = Anesthetic effect in the ear Ear syringing = Clearing earwax buildup Ear irrigation = Delivering medication to the ear canal Signup and view all the answers

Match the rectal drug delivery methods with their benefits:

Suppository = Local and systemic effect Enema = For bowel cleansing or medication Rectal gel = Quick-acting formulation for nausea Pediatric suppository = Child-friendly dosage form Signup and view all the answers

Match the following transdermal patches with their uses:

Nicotine patch = Smoking cessation aid Fentanyl patch = Chronic pain management Estrogen patch = Hormone replacement therapy Nitroglycerin patch = Angina relief Signup and view all the answers

Match the following oral dosage forms with their typical uses:

Chewable tablet = Convenient for children Sublingual tablet = Fast absorption under the tongue Effervescent tablet = Dissolves in water for quick ingestion Film = Melt-in-mouth delivery system Signup and view all the answers

Match the following otic drug administration routes with their purposes:

Topical = Direct application to the ear canal Systemic = Administration for systemic effects through blood Irrigation = Washing out the ear canal with fluid Instillation = Dropping liquid medication directly into the ear Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of creams with their characteristics:

Moisturizing cream = Hydrates dry skin Antibiotic cream = Treats local bacterial infections Steroid cream = Reduces inflammation and itching Sunscreen cream = Protects against UV radiation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following rectal drug delivery methods with their descriptions:

Suppository = Solid form designed to melt at body temperature Enema = Liquid formulation for flushing out the rectum Gel = Lube-like substance delivered for local effect Cream = Emulsion for topical use in the rectal area Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics of oral dosage forms with their definitions:

Bioavailability = Extent and rate at which the active ingredient is absorbed Onset of action = Time it takes for drug effects to begin Duration of action = Length of time the drug is effective Loading dose = Higher initial dose to achieve therapeutic levels quickly Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of otic drugs with their characteristics:

Antibiotic ear drops = Target bacterial infections Corticosteroid drops = Reduce inflammation in the ear Antifungal drops = Treat fungal infections in the ear Wax softening drops = Help to remove earwax buildup Signup and view all the answers

Match the following semisolid formulations with their applications:

Cream = Moisturizing dry skin Ointment = Healing dry or cracked skin Gel = Delivering active ingredients with cooling effects Paste = Protecting areas exposed to irritants Signup and view all the answers

Match the following routes of drug administration with their advantages:

Transdermal = Ease of use and continuous delivery Otic = Targeted delivery with minimal systemic absorption Rectal = Useful for patients unable to take orally Oral = Convenient and non-invasive administration method Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Definitions of Selected Drug Categories

Abortifacient: Induces abortion.
Alkalinizer, Systemic: Raises internal body pH to restore normal levels in systemic acidosis (example: sodium bicarbonate).
Abradant: Removes external layers like dental plaque (example: pumice).
Absorbent: Takes up other chemicals, reduces availability of toxins (example: polycarbophil).
ACE Inhibitor: Class of drugs that inhibit the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme.
Acidifier, Systemic: Lowers internal body pH to restore balance in systemic alkalosis (example: ammonium chloride).
Acidifier, Urinary: Lowers renal filtrate pH (example: sodium dihydrogen phosphate).
Adrenergic: Activates sympathetic nervous system organs (examples: epinephrine, norepinephrine).
Adrenocorticosteroid, Anti-Inflammatory: Regulates metabolism and inhibits inflammation, a glucocorticoid (examples: prednisolone, prednisone).
Adrenocorticosteroid, Salt-Regulating: Regulates sodium/potassium balance (example: desoxycorticosterone acetate).
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone: Stimulates adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids.
Adsorbent: Binds other chemicals on its surface to reduce toxic availability (examples: kaolin, gastrointestinal adsorbent).
Agonist: Activates physiological receptors to induce biological response (examples: morphine, isoproterenol).
Urinary Acidifier: Adjusts urine pH to more acidic (example: ammonium chloride).
Uterine Contractant: Induces uterine contraction post-delivery to reduce bleeding (example: methylergonovine).
Uterine Contraction Inhibitor: Inhibits preterm labor to prolong gestation (example: ritodrine).
Xanthine Alkaloid: Related to xanthine; acts as a CNS stimulant and smooth muscle relaxant (example: caffeine).
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor: Inhibits xanthine oxidase involved in purine metabolism.
X-Ray Contrast Medium: Opaque to X-rays, aids visualization during imaging (example: barium sulfate).

Glossary of Pharmaceutical Terms and Dosage Forms

Active Ingredient: Substance responsible for a pharmaceutical product’s pharmacologic activity.
Blocks: Large veterinary products containing APIs and nutrients for animals.
Bolus: A large tablet designed for administration to animals.