COPY: Definitions in Epidemiology

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What is a potential method of direct infection for droplet infections?

Droplet nuclei (correct)

Breast milk

Eye discharge

Blood transfusion

In utero infection can occur through which route according to the text?

Blood transfusion (correct)

Skin lesions discharge

Breast milk

Eye discharge

Which infection can be transmitted through inhalation of droplet nuclei?

Meningococcal meningitis (correct)

Hepatitis B

Cholera

HIV

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a mode of HIV transmission in the text?

Blood transfusion Signup and view all the answers

What mode of transmission is characteristic of developed countries for Poliomyelitis?

Respiratory infection only Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of droplet infections related to the reservoir and new host?

Crowding; ill ventilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of all factors involved in the development of a disease?

Etiology Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a form of immunity that occurs when a significant portion of a population is vaccinated?

Herd immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the science that deals with the mutual relation between man and his environment?

Ecology Signup and view all the answers

In epidemiology, what does 'reservoir of infection' refer to?

The person or object that transmits the disease to the host Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for communicable diseases in developing countries?

Insanitary environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the invasion of the body by pathogenic organisms?

Infection Signup and view all the answers

What determines the sequelae of infection?

Host factors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a basic link in the infection cycle?

Pathogen Mutation Signup and view all the answers

In the infection cycle, where is infection maintained in the community?

Reservoir of Infection Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is considered a quantitative determination of infection?

Number of invading organisms Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic differentiates cases from carriers as reservoirs of infection?

Manifestations of disease Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection cycle involves both human and animal reservoirs?

Yellow fever Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'epidemiology' refer to?

The study of what happens to people when involved by disease Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the focus of epidemiology regarding disease occurrence?

Determinants and dynamics of occurrence Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the infection cycle discussed in epidemiology?

Reservoir, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host Signup and view all the answers

In epidemiology, what does 'distribution' refer to?

How often diseases occur regarding time, place, and persons Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the objectives of epidemiology?

Identify the factors that cause spread of the disease Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to understand the determinants and dynamics of disease occurrence in epidemiology?

To guide prevention and control efforts Signup and view all the answers

How are droplet nuclei different from droplet spray?

Droplet nuclei are smaller in size and lighter than droplet spray. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk factor for certain parasitic infections?

Using polluted water for drinking and food preparation Signup and view all the answers

How do houseflies and possibly cockroaches contribute to the transmission of infections?

By carrying and spreading organisms mechanically Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mode of transmission for haemolytic streptococci causing pharyngitis?

Direct droplet infection Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes droplet infection from ingestion infections?

Droplet infection involves respiratory mucosa while ingestion infections affect the gastrointestinal tract. Signup and view all the answers

Why can droplet nuclei remain suspended in the air for hours?

They are smaller in size and lighter than spray droplets. Signup and view all the answers