COPY: Definitions in Epidemiology
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Questions and Answers

What is a potential method of direct infection for droplet infections?

  • Droplet nuclei (correct)
  • Breast milk
  • Eye discharge
  • Blood transfusion

In utero infection can occur through which route according to the text?

  • Blood transfusion (correct)
  • Skin lesions discharge
  • Breast milk
  • Eye discharge

Which infection can be transmitted through inhalation of droplet nuclei?

  • Meningococcal meningitis (correct)
  • Hepatitis B
  • Cholera
  • HIV

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a mode of HIV transmission in the text?

<p>Blood transfusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mode of transmission is characteristic of developed countries for Poliomyelitis?

<p>Respiratory infection only (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of droplet infections related to the reservoir and new host?

<p>Crowding; ill ventilation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of all factors involved in the development of a disease?

<p>Etiology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a form of immunity that occurs when a significant portion of a population is vaccinated?

<p>Herd immunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the science that deals with the mutual relation between man and his environment?

<p>Ecology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In epidemiology, what does 'reservoir of infection' refer to?

<p>The person or object that transmits the disease to the host (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for communicable diseases in developing countries?

<p>Insanitary environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the invasion of the body by pathogenic organisms?

<p>Infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the sequelae of infection?

<p>Host factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a basic link in the infection cycle?

<p>Pathogen Mutation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the infection cycle, where is infection maintained in the community?

<p>Reservoir of Infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is considered a quantitative determination of infection?

<p>Number of invading organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic differentiates cases from carriers as reservoirs of infection?

<p>Manifestations of disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection cycle involves both human and animal reservoirs?

<p>Yellow fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'epidemiology' refer to?

<p>The study of what happens to people when involved by disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the focus of epidemiology regarding disease occurrence?

<p>Determinants and dynamics of occurrence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the infection cycle discussed in epidemiology?

<p>Reservoir, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In epidemiology, what does 'distribution' refer to?

<p>How often diseases occur regarding time, place, and persons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the objectives of epidemiology?

<p>Identify the factors that cause spread of the disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to understand the determinants and dynamics of disease occurrence in epidemiology?

<p>To guide prevention and control efforts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are droplet nuclei different from droplet spray?

<p>Droplet nuclei are smaller in size and lighter than droplet spray. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk factor for certain parasitic infections?

<p>Using polluted water for drinking and food preparation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do houseflies and possibly cockroaches contribute to the transmission of infections?

<p>By carrying and spreading organisms mechanically (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mode of transmission for haemolytic streptococci causing pharyngitis?

<p>Direct droplet infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes droplet infection from ingestion infections?

<p>Droplet infection involves respiratory mucosa while ingestion infections affect the gastrointestinal tract. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can droplet nuclei remain suspended in the air for hours?

<p>They are smaller in size and lighter than spray droplets. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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