Definitions in Epidemiology
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Questions and Answers

What is a potential method of direct infection for droplet infections?

  • Droplet nuclei (correct)
  • Breast milk
  • Eye discharge
  • Blood transfusion

    • In utero infection can occur through which route according to the text?

  • Blood transfusion (correct)
  • Skin lesions discharge
  • Breast milk
  • Eye discharge

    • Which infection can be transmitted through inhalation of droplet nuclei?

  • Meningococcal meningitis (correct)
  • Hepatitis B
  • Cholera
  • HIV

    • Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a mode of HIV transmission in the text?

    <p>Blood transfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mode of transmission is characteristic of developed countries for Poliomyelitis?

    <p>Respiratory infection only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of droplet infections related to the reservoir and new host?

    <p>Crowding; ill ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of all factors involved in the development of a disease?

    <p>Etiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a form of immunity that occurs when a significant portion of a population is vaccinated?

    <p>Herd immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the science that deals with the mutual relation between man and his environment?

    <p>Ecology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In epidemiology, what does 'reservoir of infection' refer to?

    <p>The person or object that transmits the disease to the host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for communicable diseases in developing countries?

    <p>Insanitary environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the invasion of the body by pathogenic organisms?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the sequelae of infection?

    <p>Host factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a basic link in the infection cycle?

    <p>Pathogen Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the infection cycle, where is infection maintained in the community?

    <p>Reservoir of Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is considered a quantitative determination of infection?

    <p>Number of invading organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic differentiates cases from carriers as reservoirs of infection?

    <p>Manifestations of disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infection cycle involves both human and animal reservoirs?

    <p>Yellow fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'epidemiology' refer to?

    <p>The study of what happens to people when involved by disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the focus of epidemiology regarding disease occurrence?

    <p>Determinants and dynamics of occurrence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of the infection cycle discussed in epidemiology?

    <p>Reservoir, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In epidemiology, what does 'distribution' refer to?

    <p>How often diseases occur regarding time, place, and persons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the objectives of epidemiology?

    <p>Identify the factors that cause spread of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to understand the determinants and dynamics of disease occurrence in epidemiology?

    <p>To guide prevention and control efforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are droplet nuclei different from droplet spray?

    <p>Droplet nuclei are smaller in size and lighter than droplet spray.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk factor for certain parasitic infections?

    <p>Using polluted water for drinking and food preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do houseflies and possibly cockroaches contribute to the transmission of infections?

    <p>By carrying and spreading organisms mechanically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mode of transmission for haemolytic streptococci causing pharyngitis?

    <p>Direct droplet infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes droplet infection from ingestion infections?

    <p>Droplet infection involves respiratory mucosa while ingestion infections affect the gastrointestinal tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can droplet nuclei remain suspended in the air for hours?

    <p>They are smaller in size and lighter than spray droplets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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