Chapter 17 ( Medium)
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Chapter 17 ( Medium)

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Questions and Answers

What is the freezing point of water on the Celsius temperature scale?

  • 273.15 °C
  • 0 °C (correct)
  • 100 °C
  • 32 °C

    • Which temperature scale is based on the concept of absolute zero?

  • Celsius
  • Kelvin (correct)
  • Fahrenheit
  • Rankine

    • What does thermal equilibrium imply about two objects in contact?

  • The temperatures of both objects will be equal. (correct)
  • Heat will always flow from cold to hot.
  • Both objects are at different temperatures.
  • One object is always hotter than the other.

    • What is the boiling point of water in Kelvin?

    <p>373 K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the Fahrenheit temperature scale is incorrect?

    <p>It is widely used in scientific contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'thermal expansion' refer to?

    <p>The increase in volume of a material due to temperature rise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a commonly used temperature scale?

    <p>Newton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which temperature scale does the freezing point of water occur at 273 K?

    <p>Kelvin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a hot object is placed in contact with a cold object, what happens over time?

    <p>Both objects will reach thermal equilibrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate boiling point of water in degrees Celsius?

    <p>100 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the atomic spacing in solids and liquids as temperature increases?

    <p>Atomic spacing increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of expansion involves an increase in length only?

    <p>Linear expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors affects the linear expansion of a material?

    <p>The linear expansion coefficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the linear expansion coefficient for steel as given in the content?

    <p>$13 imes 10^{-6} °C^{-1}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the temperature changes from -50 °C to 50 °C, what is the total temperature change experienced by the Mackinac Bridge?

    <p>100 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation correctly relates Celsius temperature to Fahrenheit temperature?

    <p>$TC = (TF - 32) imes rac{9}{5}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thermal expansion can result in which of the following types of expansion?

    <p>Area expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What overall effect does thermal expansion have on structures like bridges?

    <p>It necessitates providing space for expansion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During thermal expansion, which of the following properties is likely to remain unchanged?

    <p>The material's linear expansion coefficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for converting Fahrenheit to Celsius?

    <p>$T_C = \frac{5}{9}(T_F - 32)$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is room temperature in Kelvin when it is defined as 72.0 °F?

    <p>295 K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the temperature in Celsius is -27.5 °C, what is the corresponding temperature in Fahrenheit?

    <p>10 °F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which temperature scale is the highest among these options: 10 °C, 10 °F, or 10 K?

    <p>10 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct conversion from Celsius to Kelvin?

    <p>$T_K = T_C + 273.15$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to materials when they are heated?

    <p>They expand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following formulas represents the conversion from Kelvin to Celsius?

    <p>$T_C = T_K - 273$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature in Celsius if the temperature is 10 degrees higher in Fahrenheit?

    <p>-27.5 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about thermal expansion is true?

    <p>All materials expand when heated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the temperature in Celsius is converted to Fahrenheit, which of the following results would be incorrect?

    <p>10 °C = 50 °F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of absolute zero in the Kelvin temperature scale?

    <p>0 K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which temperature scale uses 212 °F as the boiling point of water?

    <p>Fahrenheit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In thermal equilibrium, what happens to the temperatures of two objects in contact over time?

    <p>They eventually become equal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature in Kelvin corresponding to 100 °C?

    <p>373 K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options is NOT a temperature scale used for measuring temperature?

    <p>Barometric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of 72.0 °F in Celsius?

    <p>22.2 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a temperature reading is 10 °C, what is the corresponding temperature in Fahrenheit?

    <p>50 °F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which temperature is equated to the lowest absolute value on the Celsius scale?

    <p>10 K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will be the temperature in Kelvin if the temperature in Celsius is -27.5 °C?

    <p>245.65 K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the temperature in Fahrenheit is 32 °F, what does it equal in Celsius?

    <p>0 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Definition of Temperature

    • Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is.
    • We experience temperature everyday through weather forecasts and body temperature readings.
    • It's defined by the movement of atoms and molecules within a substance.
    • Higher temperature means more movement of atoms and molecules, leading to greater atomic spacing.
    • Thermal equilibrium occurs when two objects in contact have the same temperature.

    Temperature Scales

    • The most common temperature scales are Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin.
    • Fahrenheit scale defines freezing point of water as 32°F and boiling point as 212°F.
    • Celsius scale defines freezing point of water as 0°C and boiling point as 100°C.
    • Kelvin scale is based on absolute zero, the minimum possible temperature.
    • Kelvin scale defines freezing point of water as 273.15 K and boiling point as 373 K.
    • Kelvin is the standard SI unit for temperature.

    Converting Between Scales

    • Fahrenheit to Celsius: 𝑇𝑐 = (𝑇𝐹 − 32) * 5/9
    • Celsius to Fahrenheit: 𝑇𝐹 = 𝑇𝑐 * 9/5 + 32
    • Celsius to Kelvin: 𝑇𝐾 = 𝑇𝐶 + 273
    • Kelvin to Celsius: 𝑇𝑐 = 𝑇𝐾 − 273

    Thermal Expansion

    • Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change volume in response to temperature changes.
    • Solids and liquids expand with increasing temperature because atoms vibrate more, increasing the atomic spacing.
    • Thermal expansion can be linear, area, or volume expansion.

    Linear Expansion

    • Linear expansion refers to the change in length of a material due to temperature change.
    • The increase in length is proportional to the original length and the temperature change.
    • The linear expansion coefficient (α) is a constant for a given material under normal temperatures.

    Sample Problems Examples

    • Example 17.1: Room temperature (72.0 °F) can be converted to Celsius (22.2 °C) or Kelvin (295 K) using the conversion formulas.
    • Sample Problem 17.2: The Mackinac Bridge, made of steel, is designed to accommodate thermal expansion due to temperature fluctuations. The bridge's center span (1158 m) must be designed to allow for length changes based on the linear expansion coefficient of steel (α = 13·10–6 °C–1) over the temperature range (-50°C to 50°C).

    Definition of Temperature

    • Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is.
    • It is a fundamental concept in physics and is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance.
    • Temperature is measured using different temperature scales, including Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin.
    • Thermal equilibrium occurs when two objects in contact reach the same temperature.

    Temperature Scales

    • Fahrenheit scale defines the freezing point of water as 32 °F and the boiling point as 212 °F.
    • Celsius scale defines the freezing point of water at 0 °C and the boiling point at 100 °C.
    • Kelvin scale is based on absolute zero, the minimum possible temperature, and defines the freezing point of water at 273.15 K and the boiling point at 373 K.
    • The Kelvin scale is the standard SI unit for temperature.

    Thermal Expansion

    • Thermal expansion refers to the tendency of matter to change in volume in response to temperature changes.
    • The atoms in any substance vibrate. Higher temperature increases the vibration, increasing atomic spacing which causes materials to expand.
    • Thermal expansion can occur as linear expansion, area expansion, or volume expansion.

    Linear Expansion

    • Linear expansion is the change in length of a material when temperature is changed.
    • The increase in length is proportional to the original length and the change in temperature.
    • The formula for linear expansion is: ΔL = αLΔT, where ΔL is the change in length, α is the linear expansion coefficient, L is the original length, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
    • The linear expansion coefficient is a constant for a given material within normal temperature ranges.
    • Every material has a different linear expansion coefficient.

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    Thermal Physics / Temperature PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the definition of temperature and the various temperature scales, including Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. Understand how to convert between these scales and grasp the underlying concepts of thermal equilibrium and atomic movement. Perfect for students studying physics or general science.

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