Definition and Characteristics of Matter

Definition of Matter

• Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
• It is the physical substance that makes up all objects, living and non-living.

Characteristics of Matter

• Has mass: Matter has weight and is affected by gravity.
• Occupies space: Matter takes up space and has volume.
• Has inertia: Matter resists changes in its motion.

States of Matter

• Solid: Particles are closely packed and have a fixed shape and volume.
• Liquid: Particles are close together but can move past each other, taking the shape of their container.
• Gas: Particles are widely spaced and can move freely, expanding to fill their container.
• Plasma: High-energy state of matter where atoms are ionized, found in stars and lightning.

Properties of Matter

• Physical Properties: Characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the matter, such as color, texture, and density.
• Chemical Properties: Characteristics that describe how matter reacts with other substances, such as flammability and reactivity.

Classification of Matter

• Elements: Substances composed of only one type of atom, such as hydrogen or oxygen.
• Compounds: Substances composed of two or more different elements, such as water (H2O) or salt (NaCl).
• Mixtures: Blends of two or more substances, such as air (a mixture of gases) or sand (a mixture of minerals).

Changes in Matter

• Physical Change: A change in the state of matter, such as melting or boiling, without changing its composition.
• Chemical Change: A change in the composition of matter, such as rusting or burning, resulting in a new substance.

Definition and Characteristics of Matter

• Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space, making up all objects, living and non-living.
• Matter has three main characteristics: mass, occupation of space, and inertia.

States of Matter

• Solids: Particles are closely packed, with a fixed shape and volume.
• Liquids: Particles are close together, able to move past each other, and take the shape of their container.
• Gases: Particles are widely spaced, able to move freely, and expand to fill their container.
• Plasmas: High-energy state of matter with ionized atoms, found in stars and lightning.

Properties of Matter

• Physical Properties: Characteristics that can be observed or measured, such as color, texture, and density, without changing the composition of matter.
• Chemical Properties: Characteristics that describe how matter reacts with other substances, such as flammability and reactivity.

Classification of Matter

• Elements: Substances composed of only one type of atom, such as hydrogen or oxygen.
• Compounds: Substances composed of two or more different elements, such as water (H2O) or salt (NaCl).
• Mixtures: Blends of two or more substances, such as air (a mixture of gases) or sand (a mixture of minerals).

Changes in Matter

• Physical Changes: Changes in the state of matter, such as melting or boiling, without changing its composition.
• Chemical Changes: Changes in the composition of matter, such as rusting or burning, resulting in a new substance.