Questions and Answers
What is quality in health care according to the definition?
What was the main conclusion of the Institute of Medicine's publication 'To Err Is Human'?
What was the main diagnosis of the quality problem according to the Institute of Medicine's publication 'To Err Is Human'?
What does Total Quality Management approach consider while managing quality output?
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What is the name of the publication that outlined a number of goals for improving the quality and performance of the U.S. healthcare system?
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What does the 'Structure' element of Quality refer to?
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Which organization is responsible for defining quality in health care?
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What is the primary focus of quality in health care?
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What is the objective of Total Quality Management?
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What is transformed into health outcomes during the 'Process' element of Quality?
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What does the 'Outcome' element of Quality encompass?
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What is another term for 'disability-adjusted life years'?
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What is one of the consequences of error in a complex healthcare environment?
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What does the first fundamental question about clinical services assess?
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What is one aspect of quality in healthcare that Donabedian highlighted?
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According to the first IOM report, how many patients die every year from preventable adverse events?
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Why is it important to consider the complexity of healthcare environments?
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What is the result of the 3 problems together in medical practices?
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What do the ethical principles of care speak to?
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What is an example of demographically similar cities with differences in utilization of surgical services?
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What is patient-centered care responsive to?
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What is the primary focus of the second fundamental question about clinical services?
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What is one of the benefits of patient-centered care?
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What is one way to view quality in healthcare?
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According to the IOM report, how many patients are injured every year from preventable adverse events?
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What is a characteristic of the healthcare environment in 1986, according to Donabedian?
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What is a key feature of patient-centered care?
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What is a benefit to stakeholders other than patients from patient-centered care?
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What is a key difference between manufacturing and healthcare?
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What is an important aspect of healthcare that should be considered in addition to staff performance?
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What is a key input in the healthcare system?
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What is a key outcome of a well-functioning healthcare system?
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What is an important aspect of the organizational structure in healthcare?
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What is a key process in the healthcare system?
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What is an important aspect of quality design in healthcare?
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What is a key outcome of a healthcare system that prioritizes quality?
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Study Notes
Definition of Quality
- Quality in healthcare is defined as the degree to which health services for individuals or populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge.
Medical Errors and Quality Problems
- According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM), between 44,000 and 98,000 people die every year from medical mistakes.
- The quality problem is not one of poorly performing people, but of people struggling to perform within a system that is riddled with opportunities for mistakes to happen.
Elements of Quality
- Clinical quality refers to the medical error (e.g., diagnosis, treatment, and medication).
- Non-clinical quality refers to the amenities of care (e.g., emotional support, comfortable surroundings).
Fundamental Questions about Quality
- Two fundamental questions about any clinical service, procedure, or activity in a healthcare setting:
- "Are the right things done?"
- "Are things done right?"
Patient-Centered Care
- Patient-centered care is responsive to the patient's non-physical and non-medical needs and desires.
- It engages the patient in the decision-making process and leads to better quality of life, better health outcomes, and benefits to other stakeholders.
Total Quality Management
- A holistic approach to managing quality output considering people, process, and products together.
- Quality comprises three elements: structure, process, and outcome.
Structure, Process, and Outcome
- Structure refers to the stable, material characteristics of the organization (e.g., infrastructure, tools, technology, and resources).
- Process refers to the interaction between caregivers and patients during which structural inputs are transformed into health outcomes.
- Outcome refers to health status, deaths, or disability-adjusted life years, as well as patient satisfaction or responsiveness to the healthcare system.
Complexity of Healthcare
- Healthcare is a complex system with many variables and unpredictable inputs (e.g., patients).
- It is critical for healthcare managers to understand the difference between manufacturing and healthcare, as they cannot control the customer-supplied material (i.e., patients) in healthcare.
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Description
This quiz tests your understanding of the concept of quality in healthcare, including its definition and importance in achieving desired health outcomes.