Defining Outer Space and Airspace

Undermining the principle of state sovereignty as a whole

Subject to relevant norms of international law

Serious connotations

<p>Whether they are to reach outer space and Earth orbit or to just simply fly to another destination on Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A state possesses full and complete sovereignty over its territory, comprising land, territorial waters, and the airspace over them</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may be used to undermine the concept of state sovereignty as a whole</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are putting into question the belief that it is possible to differentiate between the goals of a given mission</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may lead to a erosion of state sovereignty over its territory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The establishment of the legal regime of airspace is subject to relevant norms of international law</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may lead to a erosion of the principle of state sovereignty as a whole</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lack of a clear physical boundary between airspace and outer space, and the absence of easily discernible technical attributes to aid in establishing such a boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the settlement of this issue is a precondition for the consideration of all other questions relating to outer space</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The issue of delimitation is crucial in establishing a clear legal definition of outer space, which is important for regulating the activities of states in outer space</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The argument that the existing system of international space law is sufficient to regulate the activities of states in outer space, and that the issue of delimitation is outdated and impractical; however, this argument is flawed because it overlooks the unresolved issues that arise from the lack of delimitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The delimitation of outer space and airspace is essential for resolving the unresolved issues that arise from the lack of delimitation, and for understanding the legal attributes of outer space and airspace</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examining the legal attributes of outer space and airspace is essential for understanding the issues that stand unresolved due to the lack of delimitation, and for resolving these issues through the establishment of a clear legal definition of outer space</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Geospace</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Magnetopause</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Geospace</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heliophysics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cislunar space</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interplanetary space</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interstellar space</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intergalactic space</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Geospace</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lack of significant problems arising from this lacuna.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solar wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Outer space or simply space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>27 Kelvin (K)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dark matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10 km (62 mi)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Outer Space Treaty</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dark energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delimitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The potential for future problems arising from the lack of a clear boundary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intergalactic space</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5-20 times</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>98</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Airspace</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Includes the Moon and other celestial bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controlled airspace</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>12 nautical miles (22.2 km)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerospace</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To exert executive authority over aircraft flying in that airspace</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The delimitation of outer space and airspace is significant in terms of national sovereignty and security because it implicates the sovereign rights of nations and has implications for national security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The key difference is that states possess exclusive jurisdiction over airspace, while outer space cannot be subject to national appropriation or sovereignty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is difficult to establish a clear legal definition of outer space because of the lack of international agreement on the vertical extent of sovereign airspace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Kármán line is a working benchmark that demarcates outer space from airspace at an altitude of 100 km, but it has no real legal authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The United States considers anyone who has flown above 80 km to be an astronaut.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 establishes that outer space cannot be subjected to national appropriation, occupation, or use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>(NOT ASKED)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The delimitation of outer space and airspace has significant implications for international law, particularly in terms of national sovereignty and security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The delimitation of outer space and airspace affects the concept of national sovereignty by impacting the extent of national jurisdiction and control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The potential consequences of not establishing a clear delimitation of outer space and airspace include unresolved issues in international space law and implications for national sovereignty and security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>more than 100 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>110 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>to have a special legal regime</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>outer space begins above 100/110 km, with negotiations for a fixed boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it clarified the 1979 delimitation proposal and allowed for spacecraft to 'splash-down' in the world's oceans</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Astronauts are regarded as envoys of mankind into outer space and states must render them all possible assistance in the event of an accident.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>outer space is indivisible and subject to two international legal regimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it has had no noticeable adverse effect on outer space activities of states</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spatial concepts and functional concepts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lowest altitude that an artificial Earth satellite can effectively execute a full round orbit around the planet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>it instructed the UN COPUOS to deliberate on the issue of delimitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The differences in the legal regimes of airspace and outer space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>space objects launched by one state enjoying the right to fly over another state's territory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>the lack of a clear demarcation between airspace and outer space</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle of sovereign equality of states is violated due to differing technological advancements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It sets the height limit of a state's jurisdiction at an altitude of approximately 83 km over sea level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It limits the possibility of a state to exercise its sovereignty over its territory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ever-rising level of flight altitude of the latest aircraft.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a political solution to the issue of delimitation, allowing for international cooperation and agreement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The delimitation of outer space is crucial for addressing unresolved issues in international space law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The absence of a clear boundary undermines national sovereignty as it creates uncertainty in the exercise of jurisdiction, leading to practical problems and potential threats to international peace and security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Outer space is indivisible and in common use, whereas airspace is divided into national and international parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>States have an obligation to explore and utilize outer space for the benefit of all countries, whereas they have no such obligation for airspace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>States are liable for damages caused by space objects in outer space, but not for damages caused by aircraft in airspace, unless registered to non-state entities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lack of delimitation leads to ambiguity concerning the limits of liability of a launching state and whether its liability must be deemed absolute or fault-based.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle that a state possesses full and complete sovereignty over its territory, comprising land, territorial waters, and the airspace over them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have made it possible to question the traditional concept of state sovereignty over airspace, and have led to the development of aero....</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Secretary General is responsible for maintaining an international registry of objects launched into outer space, whereas no such provision exists for aircraft.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Remote sensing from outer space does not require permission from a state, whereas remote sensing from airspace is subject to international agreement between the interested parties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may be used to undermine the concept of state sovereignty as a whole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The treaty prohibits the display of nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction in outer space, whereas no such limitation exists for airspace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is not possible to differentiate between the goals of a given mission, whether they are to reach outer space and Earth orbit or to just simply fly to another destination on Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The establishment of the legal regime of airspace is the prerogative of the state, subject to relevant norms of international law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>States are internationally responsible for national activities in outer space, whether or not carried out by state or non-state actors, whereas they are not liable for damages caused by aircraft registered to non-state entities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The distinction is significant because it reflects the different legal regimes and principles that apply to each, including the principles of national sovereignty and the common province of mankind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may lead to the undermining of state sovereignty over airspace, which could have serious consequences for international law as a whole.</p> Signup and view all the answers