Defenses Against Infection

<p>Primary infections are the initial infections in a patient. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Affects the entire body and spreads through the bloodstream. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental Factor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Naturally Acquired Active Immunity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may remain dormant for long periods without symptoms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Portal of Exit through body fluids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptoms start to subside as the immune response gains control. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tears contain enzymes that breakdown bacterial cell walls. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytosis by macrophages. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhancing the immune response and marking pathogens. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Destroying many pathogens ingested with food. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To trap pathogens in mucus and expel them. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active immunity involves the body producing antibodies, while passive immunity involves transfer of antibodies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever can inhibit the growth of pathogens and enhance immune cell activity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thickness and multiple layers providing structural integrity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flushing out pathogens from the urinary tract. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T and B cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The skin acts as a physical barrier to prevent pathogens from entering the body. It is composed of multiple layers, including the epidermis and dermis.

The respiratory system traps and removes pathogens using mucous membranes and cilia. Mucus captures particles, while cilia move the mucus out of the airways.

Tears contain lysozyme, an enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls, providing a chemical defense against pathogens that may enter through the eyes.

Saliva contains enzymes like amylase and lysozyme which break down pathogens and food, contributing to oral health and infection prevention.

The acidic environment of the stomach destroys many pathogens ingested with food, acting as a chemical barrier against infection.

Phagocytes, such as macrophages and neutrophils, engulf and digest pathogens. This process is crucial for the innate immune response.

The complement cascade is a series of proteins that enhance the immune response by marking pathogens for destruction and promoting inflammation.

Inflammation increases blood flow and permeability of blood vessels, allowing immune cells to reach the site of infection more effectively.

Fever increases body temperature, inhibiting the growth of pathogens and enhancing the activity of immune cells. It is a systemic response to infection.

The body produces its own antibodies in response to an infection or vaccination, providing long-term protection against specific pathogens.

The immune response that involves T cells, which mature in the thymus and directly attack infected cells.

The immune response that involves B cells, which produce antibodies that specifically target antigens.

Immunity acquired through natural exposure to a pathogen, leading to illness and recovery.

Immunity acquired by receiving antibodies from a mother, either through the placenta during pregnancy or through breast milk.

Immunity acquired through vaccination, where weakened or dead pathogens are introduced to stimulate an immune response.

Immunity acquired by receiving pre-made antibodies through injection.

Infections confined to a specific area, characterized by redness, swelling, and pain.

Infections that spread throughout the body, often with symptoms like fever, chills, and fatigue.

The stage of infection where the pathogen is multiplying but symptoms haven't appeared.

The stage of infection where the immune system starts fighting the pathogen, causing mild symptoms like headache and fatigue.