Defense Mechanisms in Plants

A plant's ability to defend against pathogens, restricting infection and disease development.

General resistance in a plant variety against all strains of a pathogen; incomplete but permanent.

Resistance in a plant variety that is effective against some pathogens but not others; complete but temporary.

Plant structural barriers that prevent pathogen entry; passive defense mechanisms.

Protective layers on plant surfaces that act as barriers; waxes are more effective barriers.

Part of the cuticle, not as resistant as waxes due to enzyme degradation.

The opposite of resistance; a plant's inability to resist a pathogen.

An organism that causes disease in a host plant.

Protrusions of living cells into xylem vessels, blocking pathogen and fluid movement.

Empty space formed between healthy and diseased tissue, leading to disease separation.

Host plant's secretion of gum around infected areas, creating a barrier for pathogens.

Epidermal cell wall thickening and callus formation to prevent further pathogen invasion.

Chemicals released by plants affecting surrounding microorganisms.

Host plant's existing chemical compounds that hinder pathogen invasion.

Plant mechanisms to prevent or limit pathogen spread and attack.

Substances acting against pathogens, either already present or produced after infection.

Methods plants use to prevent or limit pathogen infection and disease development.

Plants produce chemicals that can be harmful to pathogens, inhibiting their growth or preventing infection.

Some plants prevent pathogen growth by limiting the availability of essential nutrients.

Certain plants produce phenolic compounds like catechol, which can hinder pathogen spore germination.

Some flax varieties release hydrogen cyanide (HCN) from their roots, harming certain pathogens such as Fusarium.

Gram plants secrete malic acid on leaves to inhibit fungal blight pathogens' growth and reproduction.

Some pathogens need specific nutrients to survive and infect plants.

Resistance occurs because the host plant lacks the proteins that trigger an immune response in the pathogen.

Phenolic compounds produced by plants in response to infection or damage, acting as antimicrobial agents.

Chemical compounds with phenol groups, often released or produced by plants as part of defense responses.

Plant's chemical responses after a pathogen attacks, such as producing defensive compounds.

The release of phenols, often by enzymes like beta-glycosidase. The result is toxic compounds.

The production of phytoalexins. Factors such as age, inoculum, temperature, and aeration affect its production.

An antigen found in a pathogen that can sometimes exist in host plants, which can trigger resistance if not present in susceptible hosts.

Ability of susceptible plants to prevent pathogens from causing disease.

Antigens shared between a pathogen and susceptible host.

Toxic chemicals produced by plants in response to pathogen infection, often more harmful to non-pathogens.

A chemical produced in carrots as a defense against a specific type of fungus that doesn't harm carrots.

Resistant plants have mechanisms that neutralize harmful toxins produced by pathogens.

Resistant plants produce specific proteins and enzymes to combat pathogens.

Certain plant growth hormones, like auxins, can inhibit fungal growth.

Plants modify pathogen enzyme substrates to stop their destructive actions.

Some resistant plants break down harmful fusaric acid into harmless substances.

Auxins, a plant hormone, can help prevent some fungal diseases.

Calcium ions build up around infected areas, hindering pathogen enzyme activity and preventing tissue damage.

Certain plant varieties boost cellular respiration after infection, quickly increasing metabolism and resistance.

A defensive response killing host cells at infection site to trap and restrict pathogen spread.

Dead cells form a barrier preventing pathogen move into healthy plant tissue.

Dead host cells release toxic substances (like quinones) and enzymes to kill or restrict pathogen growth.