Defence Strategy and Military History

Definition: A comprehensive plan to protect a nation's sovereignty, territory, and interests from external threats
Components:
- National security objectives
- Military strategy
- Force planning
- Resource allocation
Key concepts:
- Deterrence theory
- Compellence theory
- Defence diplomacy
- Military modernization

Overview of major wars and battles:
- World War I and II
- Cold War conflicts
- Gulf War and its implications
Significant military campaigns and battles:
- Alexander's conquests
- Napoleon's wars
- American Civil War
- World War II battles (e.g., Stalingrad, Normandy)
Impact of military history on modern defence strategies

Theories:
- Realism
- Liberalism
- Constructivism
International institutions and organizations:
- United Nations (UN)
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
- European Union (EU)
Global issues:
- Terrorism
- Nuclear proliferation
- Human rights

Definition: The study of the relationship between geography and international relations
Key concepts:
- Heartland theory
- Rimland theory
- Buffer zones
- Geopolitical hotspots (e.g., Middle East, South China Sea)
Impact of geography on international relations and defence strategies

Definition: The study of the protection of a nation's sovereignty, territory, and interests from internal and external threats
Key concepts:
- National security
- Human security
- Non-traditional security threats (e.g., cyber, environmental)
- Security sector reform

Kinematics:
- Motion in one and two dimensions
- Rectilinear motion
- Circular motion
Dynamics:
- Newton's laws of motion
- Friction
- Energy and work
Electricity and magnetism:
- Electric charges and fields
- Electric circuits
- Electromagnetic induction

Atomic structure:
- Atomic models (Rutherford, Bohr)
- Electron configuration
- Periodic table
Bonding and chemical reactions:
- Ionic and covalent bonds
- Chemical equations and stoichiometry
- Acid-base chemistry
Physical chemistry:
- Thermodynamics
- Kinetics
- Electrochemistry

Algebra:
- Equations and inequalities
- Quadratic equations
- Functions
Calculus:
- Limits
- Differentiation
- Integration
Geometry:
- Points, lines, and planes
- Angles and trigonometry
- Solid geometry

Grammar:
- Parts of speech (nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc.)
- Tenses and verb forms
- Clauses and sentence structure
Vocabulary:
- Word roots and prefixes
- Synonyms and antonyms
- Idioms and phrases
Reading comprehension:
- Understanding passages and articles
- Identifying main ideas and supporting details
- Making inferences and drawing conclusions

Ancient civilizations:
- Mesopotamia
- Ancient Egypt
- Ancient Greece and Rome
Medieval and modern history:
- Feudalism and the rise of nation-states
- World wars and their impact
- Decolonization and globalization

A comprehensive plan to protect a nation's sovereignty, territory, and interests from external threats
Components:
- National security objectives
- Military strategy
- Force planning
- Resource allocation
Key concepts:
- Deterrence theory: a strategy to prevent attacks by making the cost of aggression higher than the benefits
- Compellence theory: a strategy to force an adversary to take a specific action
- Defence diplomacy: the use of military power to achieve diplomatic goals

World War I: a global conflict (1914-1918) that led to the downfall of several empires
World War II: a global conflict (1939-1945) that led to the formation of the United Nations
Cold War conflicts: a period of political and military tension (1945-1991) between the USA and USSR
Gulf War: a military conflict (1990-1991) in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait
Alexander's conquests: a series of campaigns (334-323 BCE) that created one of the largest empires in history
Napoleon's wars: a series of conflicts (1803-1815) that led to the reorganization of Europe

Realism: a theory that states are primarily motivated by self-interest and security concerns
Liberalism: a theory that states can cooperate and promote peace through international institutions
Constructivism: a theory that international relations are shaped by shared ideas and norms
United Nations (UN): an international organization established in 1945 to promote peace and security

Heartland theory: a concept that states that control of the Eurasian landmass is crucial to global power
Rimland theory: a concept that states that control of the coastal regions of Eurasia is crucial to global power
Buffer zones: areas that separate rival states and can be used to prevent conflict
Geopolitical hotspots: regions that are prone to conflict due to their strategic location or resources

National security: the protection of a nation's sovereignty, territory, and interests from external threats
Human security: the protection of individuals from violence, poverty, and other threats
Non-traditional security threats: threats that are not traditional military in nature, such as cyber attacks or environmental degradation
Security sector reform: the process of reforming the security apparatus of a state to improve its effectiveness and accountability