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Lecture 22

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Questions and Answers

What is the most prevalent form of RNA editing in humans?

A to I editing (correct)

C to U editing

Edits in exons

Edits in introns

Which enzyme is responsible for RNA editing of apoB pre-mRNA in liver cells?

ADAR2

ADAR1

APOBEC

ADARs (correct)

What is the consequence of RNA editing in intestinal cell APOB mRNA?

Addition of a C-terminal domain

Expression of a longer apoB-100 protein

Exon 26 CAA coding edited to a UAA stop codon (correct)

Decreased lipid association in the N-terminal domain

What is the significance of RNA editing in Antarctic octopus?

Altering amino acid sequence of potassium channel Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of S. cerevisiae Ira protein?

GTPase activating protein that activates GTPase activity of Ras Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of defective NF1 in humans?

Abnormally high Ras signaling and excessive cell division Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of doublesex RNAi in large males?

Reduces the size of large horns Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of low temperatures on nerve cells in octopus?

Delays K+ channels closing, hindering neuron’s ability to fire Signup and view all the answers

What is deep homology?

Similarity due to shared ancestry between structures or genes in different taxa Signup and view all the answers

What can gene duplication lead to?

Neofunctionalization and subfunctionalization Signup and view all the answers

What is LUCA in the context of evolutionary biology?

Last universal common ancestor of all extant life Signup and view all the answers

What is the RNA World hypothesis about?

Early synthesis and random polymerization of nucleotides leading to emergence of functional ribozymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of evolutionary co-option of sex determination pathway in beetle horn plasticity?

Males and females having unique doublesex isoforms Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of gene flow in evolution?

Transfer of genetic material between populations Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of natural selection in evolution?

Favoring traits that increase an organism's chances of survival and reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of genomic variation through recombination?

Generation of longer oligomers that can fold into structures of varying complexity Signup and view all the answers