70 Questions
Which type of gills are found in most fishes?
Internal gills
What are external gills primarily found in?
Larval chondrichthyans
Which medium has higher O2 solubility compared to the other?
Water
Which property of water affects the density and viscosity compared to air?
Viscosity
Which statement about water breathing is true?
Lower O2 consumption per unit mass compared to air-breathers
What is the primary stimulus for respiration in fishes?
O2
Which gas has higher solubility in water?
CO2
What is the unit of pressure according to Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure?
atm
Which type of gill ventilation mechanism is used in fishes?
Counter current gas exchange
What is the main purpose of the buccal-opercular pump in fishes?
Irrigation of internal gills
Which gas makes up 21% of air?
Oxygen (O2)
What is the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in air at sea level (760 torr)?
159 torr
According to Fick's Law of Diffusion, what is the relationship between the diffusion of gases and the pressure gradient?
Directly proportional
Which organ is the most efficient gas exchange organ in vertebrates?
Gills
What factors affect the control of blood flow in the fish gills?
All of the above
What is the mechanism of oxygen uptake in fish gills that maximizes oxygen uptake?
Countercurrent exchange
What is the relationship between lamellar surface area and oxygen demand in fish gills?
Directly proportional
What is the purpose of gill remodeling in crucian carp and goldfish exposed to hypoxia?
Increase oxygen uptake
What is the primary mechanism of gill ventilation in aquatic organisms?
Buccal-opercular pump
Which type of fish uses buccal-parabranchial pump architecture for gill ventilation?
Elasmobranchs
Which of the following is a solution for air breathing problems in fish?
Use other mechanisms of aerial respiration
What is the main reason why gills are generally reduced in air-breathing fish?
To prevent water loss
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of air breathing in fish?
Gut respiration
Which fish species is an obligate air breather?
Lungfishes
Which of the following factors does NOT affect oxygen consumption in fish?
Body size
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting oxygen consumption in fish?
Dissolved oxygen levels
Which of the following is true about gills in fish?
They rely solely on RAM ventilation
Which of the following is NOT an accessory breathing organ in fish?
Gills
Which of the following is NOT a solution for air breathing problems in fish?
Thicker, widely spaced lamellae
Which fish species ventilates its lung by aspiration?
Arapaima gigas
Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of water breathing for fish compared to air breathing?
Higher blood PCO2 levels
Which of the following is NOT a physical or chemical property of water that favors gills as a respiratory organ in fishes?
Heat conductivity
Which of the following is a mechanism of gill ventilation in fishes?
Buccal-opercular pump
What is the primary stimulus for respiration in fishes?
Oxygen
Which of the following factors does NOT affect oxygen consumption in fish?
Partial pressure of oxygen
What is the unit of pressure according to Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure?
atmosphere
Which of the following is NOT a mode of respiration in fishes?
External gills
Which of the following is true about gills in fish?
They are irrigated mainly via the buccal-opercular pump
Which of the following is NOT an adaptive significance of external gills in fish?
Protection against predators
Which of the following fish species has external gills?
Chondrichthyan (Protopterus spp) embryo
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting oxygen consumption in fish?
Lamellar surface area
What is the primary mechanism of gill ventilation in aquatic organisms?
Buccal-opercular pump
What is the mechanism of oxygen uptake in fish gills that maximizes oxygen uptake?
Counter current exchange
Which type of gill ventilation mechanism is used in fishes?
Buccal-opercular pump
Which gas makes up 21% of air?
Oxygen (O2)
What is the main reason why gills are generally reduced in air-breathing fish?
Adaptation to low oxygen environments
What factors affect the control of blood flow in the fish gills?
All of the above
What is the purpose of gill remodeling in crucian carp and goldfish exposed to hypoxia?
Increase lamellar surface area
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of air breathing in fish?
Gut respiration
Which of the following factors does NOT affect oxygen consumption in fish?
Hemoglobin concentration
Which medium has higher O2 solubility compared to the other?
Water
What is the purpose of gill remodeling in crucian carp and goldfish exposed to hypoxia?
To improve oxygen extraction efficiency
Which fish species is an obligate air breather?
Lungfish
What is the main reason why gills are generally reduced in air-breathing fish?
To conserve energy
Which organ is the most efficient gas exchange organ in vertebrates?
Lungs
What is the primary stimulus for respiration in fishes?
High carbon dioxide levels
What is the primary mechanism of gill ventilation in aquatic organisms?
Buccal-opercular pump
What factors affect the control of blood flow in the fish gills?
Water pH and oxygen levels
Which of the following is NOT an accessory breathing organ in fish?
Swim bladder
Which fish species ventilates its lung by aspiration?
Arapaima gigas
True or false: Most fishes have internal gills covered by operculum and positioned within gill slits.
True
True or false: Water has higher O2 solubility compared to air.
False
True or false: The primary stimulus for respiration in fishes is oxygen.
True
True or false: Gills are the most efficient gas exchange organ in vertebrates?
True
True or false: Lamellar surface area in fish gills is positively correlated with oxygen demand and lifestyle?
True
True or false: Air-breathing fishes drown if they are denied access to air?
True
True or false: Gills in air-breathing fish are generally reduced in size compared to water-breathing fish?
True
True or false: Cutaneous respiration is the primary mechanism of respiration in air-breathing fish?
False
True or false: Air-breathing fish have larger lamellar surface area in their gills compared to water-breathing fish?
False
True or false: The buccal-opercular pump is the primary mechanism of gill ventilation in air-breathing fish?
True
Study Notes
Respiratory System in Fishes
- Most fishes have internal gills covered by an operculum and positioned within gill slits.
- External gills are primarily found in larval fishes and some primitive species.
- Water has lower O2 solubility compared to air.
- The primary stimulus for respiration in fishes is CO2, not oxygen.
- The partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in air at sea level is 160 torr.
- The unit of pressure according to Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure is torr.
- Fishes use a buccal-opercular pump mechanism for gill ventilation.
- The main purpose of the buccal-opercular pump is to facilitate gas exchange in fishes.
- Oxygen makes up 21% of air.
- The most efficient gas exchange organ in vertebrates is the lung, not the gills.
- Factors affecting the control of blood flow in the fish gills include CO2, pH, and temperature.
- The mechanism of oxygen uptake in fish gills that maximizes oxygen uptake is the buccal-opercular pump.
- There is a positive correlation between lamellar surface area and oxygen demand in fish gills.
- Gill remodeling in crucian carp and goldfish exposed to hypoxia serves to increase the diffusion capacity of the gills.
Air-Breathing Fishes
- Air-breathing fishes have reduced gills compared to water-breathing fish due to the higher oxygen availability in air.
- The primary mechanism of gill ventilation in air-breathing fishes is the buccal-parabranchial pump architecture.
- Some air-breathing fishes, like the African lungfish, ventilate their lungs by aspiration.
- Oxygen consumption in fish is affected by factors such as temperature, pH, and CO2 levels.
- The snakehead fish is an obligate air breather.
Comparative Respiratory Systems
- Gills are generally reduced in air-breathing fish due to the higher oxygen availability in air.
- The buccal-opercular pump is not the primary mechanism of gill ventilation in air-breathing fish.
- Cutaneous respiration is not the primary mechanism of respiration in air-breathing fish.
- Air-breathing fishes do not drown if denied access to air.
- Air-breathing fish have reduced lamellar surface area in their gills compared to water-breathing fish.
Test your knowledge on respiration in fishes with this quiz! Learn about the adaptive significance of internal and external gills, the physical and chemical properties of water favoring gills as a respiratory organ, the anatomy and function of gills, counter current gas exchange, mechanisms of gill ventilation, and other modes of respiration such as cutaneous and air breathing. Join us for this informative quiz and expand your understanding of fish respiration.
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