Ch 3: Electronegativity

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Questions and Answers

What type of bond is formed when the electronegativity difference between atoms is between 0.5 and 1.7?

  • Van der Waals bond
  • Hydrogen bond
  • Non-polar covalent bond (correct)
  • Ionic bond

Which molecule can have polar bonds but still be non-polar overall?

  • Hydrogen peroxide (Hâ‚‚Oâ‚‚)
  • Methane (CHâ‚„)
  • Water (Hâ‚‚O)
  • Carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚) (correct)

In which type of solvent do non-polar molecules tend to dissolve?

  • Ethanol
  • Water
  • Acetone
  • Benzene (correct)

What role does electronegativity play in the formation of hydrogen bonds in biological molecules?

<p>Creating partial charges for bond formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemical reaction are atoms with higher electronegativity more reactive in?

<p>Redox reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do symmetrical shapes have on the overall polarity of a molecule?

<p>No effect on polarity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property is influenced by electronegativity differences between atoms?

<p>Solubility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is electronegativity a measure of?

<p>An atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

On the Pauling scale, which element has the highest electronegativity value?

<p>Fluorine (F) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are elements with high electronegativity typically found on the periodic table?

<p>Right side (non-metals) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a difference in electronegativity of less than 0.5 between two bonded atoms predict?

<p>Non-polar covalent bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scale for electronegativity provides consistent trends across the periodic table?

<p>Mulliken scale (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main influence of electronegativity on molecules?

<p>Influence physical and chemical properties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is typically found with low electronegativity on the periodic table?

<p>Sodium (Na) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who introduced the concept of electronegativity?

<p>Linus Pauling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Allred-Rochow' is a scale related to:

<p>'Electronegativity' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

On the Mulliken scale, which element has the highest electronegativity?

<p>Oxygen (O) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Pauling scale measure in terms of electronegativity?

<p>The ability of an atom to attract electrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element on the periodic table is most likely to form a non-polar covalent bond?

<p>Hydrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do atoms with high electronegativity affect the type of bonding in a molecule?

<p>They favor covalent bonding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scale for electronegativity is named after a scientist who introduced the concept?

<p>Pauling scale (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which region of the periodic table are elements likely to have high electronegativity?

<p>Top right corner (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a difference in electronegativity of 1.2 between two bonded atoms suggest about their bond?

<p>It is a polar covalent bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do elements with low electronegativity on the periodic table typically behave in bonding?

<p>They tend to form ionic bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is typically indicated by an electronegativity difference between 0.5 and 1.7?

<p>Covalent bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of solvent do polar molecules tend to dissolve?

<p>Water-based solvents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main influence of electronegativity differences between atoms on a molecule?

<p>Boiling point (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond can result in partial charges (δ+ and δ−) on the atoms involved?

<p>Covalent bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of bond polarities canceling out in a molecule?

<p>Non-polar overall effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor ultimately determines the overall polarity of a molecule?

<p>Molecular shape (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do molecules like water (Hâ‚‚O) differ from carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚) in terms of polarity?

<p>Water has polar bonds that do not cancel out, unlike COâ‚‚. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property makes water suitable for dissolving polar molecules?

<p>Polarity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critical role does electronegativity play in biological molecules?

<p>Forming hydrogen bonds critical for biomolecule structure and function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which atom has the highest electronegativity value on the Pauling scale?

<p>Fluorine (F) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main property of elements with high electronegativity on the periodic table?

<p>Tendency to gain electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do atoms with low electronegativity typically behave in chemical bonding?

<p>They donate electrons readily (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the periodic table is primarily occupied by non-metal elements with high electronegativity?

<p>Right side (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is expected when the electronegativity difference between two atoms is 2.8?

<p><strong>Polar covalent bond</strong> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist introduced the concept of electronegativity and has a scale named after him?

<p>Linus Pauling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main influence of electronegativity differences on the structure of molecules?

<p><strong>Bond type</strong> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scale for electronegativity does each element's value vary slightly based on calculation methods?

<p><strong>Mulliken scale</strong> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bond type is predicted when the electronegativity difference between two atoms is approximately 1.8?

<p><strong>Polar covalent bond</strong> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do elements with low electronegativity typically play in chemical bonding?

<p>Donating electrons readily (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do symmetrical shapes influence the overall polarity of a molecule?

<p>They can cancel out the bond polarities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond results in full charges on the ions involved?

<p>Ionic bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the influence of electronegativity differences on a molecule's solubility?

<p>It increases solubility in polar solvents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does electronegativity play in the three-dimensional folding of proteins?

<p>It stabilizes protein structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what electronegativity difference do atoms typically form polar covalent bonds?

<p>Between 0.5 and 1.7 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do molecules with symmetrical shapes and polar bonds differ from molecules with unsymmetrical shapes?

<p>Symmetrical shapes have higher polarity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of molecules influences their tendency to dissolve in specific solvents?

<p>Molecular shape (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do non-polar molecules have on their solubility in polar solvents?

<p>They resist dissolution in polar solvents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Redox' reactions are influenced by atoms with higher electronegativity due to their tendency to:

<p>Hold electrons tightly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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