Ch 3: Electronegativity
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Questions and Answers

What type of bond is formed when the electronegativity difference between atoms is between 0.5 and 1.7?

  • Van der Waals bond
  • Hydrogen bond
  • Non-polar covalent bond (correct)
  • Ionic bond
  • Which molecule can have polar bonds but still be non-polar overall?

  • Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)
  • Methane (CH₄)
  • Water (H₂O)
  • Carbon dioxide (CO₂) (correct)
  • In which type of solvent do non-polar molecules tend to dissolve?

  • Ethanol
  • Water
  • Acetone
  • Benzene (correct)
  • What role does electronegativity play in the formation of hydrogen bonds in biological molecules?

    <p>Creating partial charges for bond formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of chemical reaction are atoms with higher electronegativity more reactive in?

    <p>Redox reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do symmetrical shapes have on the overall polarity of a molecule?

    <p>No effect on polarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property is influenced by electronegativity differences between atoms?

    <p>Solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is electronegativity a measure of?

    <p>An atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On the Pauling scale, which element has the highest electronegativity value?

    <p>Fluorine (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are elements with high electronegativity typically found on the periodic table?

    <p>Right side (non-metals)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a difference in electronegativity of less than 0.5 between two bonded atoms predict?

    <p>Non-polar covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scale for electronegativity provides consistent trends across the periodic table?

    <p>Mulliken scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main influence of electronegativity on molecules?

    <p>Influence physical and chemical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is typically found with low electronegativity on the periodic table?

    <p>Sodium (Na)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who introduced the concept of electronegativity?

    <p>Linus Pauling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Allred-Rochow' is a scale related to:

    <p>'Electronegativity'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On the Mulliken scale, which element has the highest electronegativity?

    <p>Oxygen (O)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Pauling scale measure in terms of electronegativity?

    <p>The ability of an atom to attract electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element on the periodic table is most likely to form a non-polar covalent bond?

    <p>Hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do atoms with high electronegativity affect the type of bonding in a molecule?

    <p>They favor covalent bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scale for electronegativity is named after a scientist who introduced the concept?

    <p>Pauling scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which region of the periodic table are elements likely to have high electronegativity?

    <p>Top right corner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a difference in electronegativity of 1.2 between two bonded atoms suggest about their bond?

    <p>It is a polar covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do elements with low electronegativity on the periodic table typically behave in bonding?

    <p>They tend to form ionic bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is typically indicated by an electronegativity difference between 0.5 and 1.7?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of solvent do polar molecules tend to dissolve?

    <p>Water-based solvents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main influence of electronegativity differences between atoms on a molecule?

    <p>Boiling point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond can result in partial charges (δ+ and δ−) on the atoms involved?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of bond polarities canceling out in a molecule?

    <p>Non-polar overall effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor ultimately determines the overall polarity of a molecule?

    <p>Molecular shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do molecules like water (H₂O) differ from carbon dioxide (CO₂) in terms of polarity?

    <p>Water has polar bonds that do not cancel out, unlike CO₂.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property makes water suitable for dissolving polar molecules?

    <p>Polarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical role does electronegativity play in biological molecules?

    <p>Forming hydrogen bonds critical for biomolecule structure and function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atom has the highest electronegativity value on the Pauling scale?

    <p>Fluorine (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main property of elements with high electronegativity on the periodic table?

    <p>Tendency to gain electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do atoms with low electronegativity typically behave in chemical bonding?

    <p>They donate electrons readily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the periodic table is primarily occupied by non-metal elements with high electronegativity?

    <p>Right side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is expected when the electronegativity difference between two atoms is 2.8?

    <p><strong>Polar covalent bond</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist introduced the concept of electronegativity and has a scale named after him?

    <p>Linus Pauling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main influence of electronegativity differences on the structure of molecules?

    <p><strong>Bond type</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scale for electronegativity does each element's value vary slightly based on calculation methods?

    <p><strong>Mulliken scale</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bond type is predicted when the electronegativity difference between two atoms is approximately 1.8?

    <p><strong>Polar covalent bond</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do elements with low electronegativity typically play in chemical bonding?

    <p>Donating electrons readily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do symmetrical shapes influence the overall polarity of a molecule?

    <p>They can cancel out the bond polarities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond results in full charges on the ions involved?

    <p>Ionic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the influence of electronegativity differences on a molecule's solubility?

    <p>It increases solubility in polar solvents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does electronegativity play in the three-dimensional folding of proteins?

    <p>It stabilizes protein structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what electronegativity difference do atoms typically form polar covalent bonds?

    <p>Between 0.5 and 1.7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do molecules with symmetrical shapes and polar bonds differ from molecules with unsymmetrical shapes?

    <p>Symmetrical shapes have higher polarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of molecules influences their tendency to dissolve in specific solvents?

    <p>Molecular shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do non-polar molecules have on their solubility in polar solvents?

    <p>They resist dissolution in polar solvents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Redox' reactions are influenced by atoms with higher electronegativity due to their tendency to:

    <p>Hold electrons tightly</p> Signup and view all the answers

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