Deep African History Overview

<p>The 'Out of Africa' thesis suggesting a single dispersal event. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The DNA of Denisovans distinct from Homo sapiens. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Migration was a significant factor in language spread. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Influence from non-Bantu speaking people. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It traces the maternal lineage of a population. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It only considers one-directional migrations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They had more offspring with Bantu men. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It indicated a more complex interaction including substantial migration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They tend to assume a settled lifestyle was the norm. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may misrepresent historical migration patterns. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The belief that South Africa was uninhabited before European arrival. (C), The idea that Bantu migration occurred in the 17th century. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They had lived in the region for millennia before colonization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bantu represented a historical race contrasting with advanced races. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tutsi were considered 'Hamites' and prioritized for leadership. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tutsi were prioritized, contributing to their victimization during the genocide. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The belief in their mystical tendencies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It denies historical land ownership to indigenous peoples. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It played a role in continuing disputes in eastern Congo. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mythical period devoid of historical context. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It separates contemporary events from historical influences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The engagement with historical events only from the last century. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long-term processes can illuminate current conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has resulted in the uncritical acceptance of colonial narratives. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Roman and Byzantine/Ottoman colonization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps in recognizing continuities in social and political dynamics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is largely influenced by European perspectives. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Western Bantu language group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The introduction of iron metallurgy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may have influenced later stages of the expansion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common ancestral origins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They utilized tools for some form of 'tending' to the environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They do not practice food domestication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urewe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ancestral language likely lacked a term for that concept. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents a dramatic migration event affecting language and demographic change. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neanderthals disappeared from the record around 40,000 BCE. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was a quick and abrupt conquest. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is in Morocco and contains the oldest known Homo sapiens remains. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ecological changes and climate influence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 4,000 to 5,000 years ago. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They represent Africa's largest language phylum. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The age was corrected from 40,000 years old to 300,000 years old. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The theory that modern humans originated in Africa and then spread to other parts of the world.

The theory that human migrations occurred in multiple waves, with different groups taking different routes and blending with other human groups (Neanderthals, Denisovans) in Eurasia.

An ancient human species that lived in Eurasia and coexisted with Homo sapiens.

An ancient human species that lived in Asia and coexisted with Homo sapiens.

The idea that the timeline and routes of human dispersal are influenced by shifts in climate, sea levels, and vegetation.

The concept that history isn't linear but rather a series of interconnected events that shape the present.

The idea that 'precolonial' Africa is a vague and mistaken concept since it implies a state of unchanging tradition before colonialism.

The tendency to focus solely on the recent past, especially colonial history, and neglecting the depth and complexity of African history.

The study of the long-term historical processes and how they influenced events over time.

The idea that the past is intricately connected to the present.

The historical period before European colonialism, encompassing a vast and complex tapestry of cultures, societies, and events.

The argument that studying the precolonial period is crucial for understanding the nuances of African history and present-day challenges.

The study of precolonial history is often overlooked, while the focus shifts towards colonial history.

A group of closely related languages that share a common ancestor.

The spread of Bantu languages and their speakers across sub-Saharan Africa, starting around 4000-5000 years ago.

The oldest known Homo sapiens fossils, found in Morocco and dated to 300,000 years old.

The process of gradual dispersal and diversification of a language group over time.

The rapid spread of Bantu languages from West Central Africa to other regions, particularly the Congo Basin and Great Lakes, around 2500 years ago.

A misconception that Bantu expansion was a rapid and forceful conquest, often associated with military superiority.

A term often misconstrued as referring to a specific people group, but instead represents the geographic spread of languages.

The geographical area in Central Africa where the Congo River flows, known for its dense rainforest and rich biodiversity.

The period around 2,500 years ago when the Equatorial Forest (Congo Basin) underwent significant ecological changes, likely impacting the environment and prompting a split in the Bantu language family.

The process of adapting to new environments and using available resources, often leading to changes in lifestyle and culture.

The development of tools and techniques for working with metal, particularly iron, which brought about significant changes in technology and subsistence strategies.

A process of gradual change over time, often involving the development of agriculture and domestication of plants and animals, which can significantly impact human societies.

Evidence gathered from archaeological sites and artifacts, providing insights into past cultures, technologies, and lifestyles.

Data based on the analysis of genetic material, providing insights into population origins, movements, and relationships.

The study of language evolution and relationships, analyzing the differences and similarities between languages to understand their historical connections.

The study of how languages change and spread over time, examining their relationships and origins.

The geographic distribution of Bantu languages today doesn't necessarily match the original migration path of Bantu-speaking communities because factors like language borrowing, language death, and recent migrations have affected their spread.

This involves the adoption of language elements (like vocabulary, grammar, or sounds) from one language into another, blurring the lines of direct ancestry.

The disappearance of a language, often due to factors like assimilation, language shift, or lack of transmission to younger generations.

The change in language use within a community, where people abandon their native tongue and adopt a new one, typically due to social or economic reasons.

The use of genetic data to trace migration patterns and confirm that language spread wasn't just about cultural contact, but also involved the movement of people settling in new areas.

Research suggests that women from non-Bantu speaking groups had more children with men from Bantu-speaking communities, impacting the genetic makeup of the population and understanding of Bantu expansion.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a genetic marker passed down from mothers to their children, providing insights into the maternal lineage of a population and helping trace ancestral origins.

A theory that claimed that the land inhabited by the indigenous people of South Africa (KhoiSan) was empty before European arrival. It was used to justify the appropriation of land by colonists.

A group of historians who challenged the 'empty land' narrative by presenting archaeological evidence of Bantu presence in South Africa dating back to 300 AD.

A term used to refer to the indigenous people of South Africa, including the KhoiKhoi and the San.

The theory that categorized Bantu people as a singular 'historical race' in the 19th and early 20th century, comparing them to other races considered 'more advanced.'

A theory which falsely claimed that the Tutsi ethnic group in Rwanda was descended from a more 'advanced' Hamite race, while Hutu were considered 'Bantu.'

The Belgian colonial administration's policy in Rwanda and Burundi, which favoured the Tutsi population over the Hutu, based on the 'Hamitic Hypothesis'.

The catastrophic event in Rwanda in 1994, during which an estimated 800,000 Tutsis were killed by Hutu extremists, fueled by racist ideologies and the 'Hamitic Hypothesis.'

The continued impact of the 'Hamitic Hypothesis,' which continues to shape conflicts in the region, particularly in eastern Congo.