Decision Structures and Boolean Logic

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Questions and Answers

Which programming construct executes a set of statements in the order they appear?

Sequence structure (correct)
Selection structure
Decision structure
Loop structure

What is the primary purpose of a decision structure in programming?

To sequentially execute statements
To define data types
To repeat a block of code
To perform actions only if a condition is met (correct)

In the context of an `if` statement, what does a diamond represent in a flowchart?

A true/false condition (correct)
Input or output operation
An action to be performed
The start or end of the program

When does a single alternative decision structure provide a path of execution?

When the condition is true (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens in an `if` statement when the condition being tested is not true?

The program exits the structure (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which keyword is used to begin an `if` clause in Python?

if (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines a Boolean expression?

An expression that evaluates to either true or false (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a relational operator?

To determine the relationship between two values (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which operator checks if two operands are equal to each other?

== (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key distinction between the `==` operator and the `=` operator in many programming languages?

<code>==</code> compares two values, <code>=</code> assigns a value (C) Signup and view all the answers

If `balance == 0` is part of an `if` statement, what is being checked?

If balance is equivalent to 0 (C) Signup and view all the answers

In a nested `if` statement, how should the inner block of code be formatted?

Indented with respect to the outer block (C) Signup and view all the answers

Consider the following Python code:

`i = 10` `if (i > 15):` `print("10 is less than 15")` `print("I am Not in if")`

What will be the output?

<code>I am Not in if</code> (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about dual alternative decision structures?

They allow one of two possible paths of execution. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In an `if-else` statement, if the condition is true, what happens?

The <code>if</code> block is executed. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key requirement regarding the `if` and `else` clauses in an `if-else` statement?

They must be aligned, and statements must be consistently indented. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Consider this code snippet:

`if temperature < 40:` `print("A little cold, isn't it?")` `else:` `print("Nice weather we're having.")`

If `temperature` is 50, what will be printed?

<code>Nice weather we're having.</code> (B) Signup and view all the answers

When is it necessary to use a nested decision structure?

When multiple conditions need to be checked sequentially, and the outcome of one condition affects the subsequent conditions (C) Signup and view all the answers

A customer is eligible for a premium membership if they've spent over $1000 and visited the store more than 10 times. How would you structure this in code?

Using a nested decision structure where the second condition is checked only if the first is true (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason that proper indentation is important within nested decision structures in Python?

It affects the execution of the code, as it determines the code block associated with each <code>if</code> or <code>else</code> clause (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of nested `if` statements, what can the `if-elif-else` structure simplify?

The logic of multiple nested conditions (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the `if-elif-else` structure is correct?

It can include multiple <code>elif</code> statements to check different conditions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What alignment is typically used with an `if-elif-else` statement?

<code>if</code>, <code>elif</code>, and <code>else</code> clauses are all aligned. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstance might using a nested `if-else` structure be preferred over an `if-elif-else` statement?

When the indentation complexity of <code>if-elif-else</code> becomes problematic. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Write a Python program that checks if a number stored in a variable is greater than 50. If true, print "Number is greater than 50". Otherwise, nothing should happen. Which code is correct?

<pre><code class="language-python">num = 55 if num > 50: print("Number is greater than 50") ``` (B) </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

Write a Python program that checks if a room's temperature is less than 40°F. If it is, display "A little cold, isn't it?". Otherwise, display "Nice weather we're having.". Which code block is correct?

<pre><code class="language-python">temperature = 30 if temperature < 40: print("A little cold, isn't it?") else: print("Nice weather we're having.") ``` (C) </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

Write a Python program that takes an integer input from the user and determines whether it is positive, negative, or zero. If the input is positive, the program should print "Positive number". If the input is negative, it should print "Negative number". If the input is zero, it should print "Zero". Which of the following is a correct solution?

<pre><code class="language-python">num = int(input("Enter a number: ")) if num > 0: print("Positive number") elif num < 0: print("Negative number") else: print("Zero") ``` (B) </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

Rewrite the eligibility criteria for premium membership using a nested `if` statement. A customer is eligible for a premium membership at a shopping mall only if they meet both conditions:

They must have spent at least $1,000 in total purchases.

They must have visited the store at least 10 times in the last year.

Which accurately implements these criteria?

<pre><code class="language-python">total_spent = 1200 visits = 12 if total_spent >= 1000: if visits >= 10: print("Eligible for premium membership") ``` (D) </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

Convert the following nested if statement into an if-elif-else structure. Determine the grade based on the student score.

score = 85
if score >= 90:
 print("A")
else:
 if score >= 80:
 print("B")
 else:
 if score >= 70:
 print("C")
 else:
 print("D")

Which code block is a correct if-elif-else version of the above nested 'if' statement?

<pre><code class="language-python">score = 85 if score >= 90: print("A") elif score >= 80: print("B") elif score >= 70: print("C") else: print("D") ``` (C) </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

Write a Python program that checks whether a student has passed or failed a course based on their exam scores. The program should first ask the user to enter the exam score.

If the score is greater than or equal to 60, the program should check if it's greater than or equal to 90. If so, it should print "Excellent! You've passed with distinction!".

If the score is between 60 and 90 (inclusive), it should print "Congratulations! You've passed!".

If the score is less than 60, it should print "Sorry, you've failed. Better luck next time!".

Which of the following code is correct?

<pre><code class="language-python">score = int(input("Enter the exam score: ")) if score >= 60: if score >= 90: print("Excellent! You've passed with distinction!") else: print("Congratulations! You've passed!") else: print("Sorry, you've failed. Better luck next time!") ``` (C) </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

Write a Python program to determine the discount a customer receives based on their total purchase amount.

If the purchase amount is greater than or equal to $100, the customer receives a 10% discount.

If the purchase amount is between $50 (inclusive) and $100 (exclusive), the customer receives a 5% discount.

If the purchase amount is less than $50, the customer receives no discount.

After determining the discount, the program should calculate and display the discounted amount and the final amount the customer needs to pay.

Which of the following code is correct?

<pre><code class="language-python">purchase_amount = float(input("Enter the total purchase amount: $")) if purchase_amount >= 100: discount_rate = 0.10 elif 50 <= purchase_amount < 100: discount_rate = 0.05 else: discount_rate = 0.00 discount_amount = purchase_amount * discount_rate final_amount = purchase_amount - discount_amount print("Discounted amount: $", discount_amount) print("Final amount: $", final_amount) ``` (D) </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Control Structure

Logical design that controls the order in which a set of statements execute.

Sequence Structure

Set of statements that execute in the order they appear.