Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the first element in the decision-making process according to Simon (1965)?
What is the first element in the decision-making process according to Simon (1965)?
- Design Activity
- Choice Activity
- Intelligence Activity (correct)
- Data-driven Decision
In the context of decision-making, what does the 'Design Activity' involve?
In the context of decision-making, what does the 'Design Activity' involve?
- Identifying alternative options and analyzing these alternatives. (correct)
- Clarifying the situation that requires a decision.
- Choosing a course of action among available alternatives.
- Evaluating the outcomes of previous decisions.
Which of the following is part of making a data-driven decision?
Which of the following is part of making a data-driven decision?
- Incorporating behavioral science insights. (correct)
- Choosing an alternative based solely on intuition.
- Evaluating past outcomes without current data.
- Ignoring technological applications.
What is the purpose of decision analysis?
What is the purpose of decision analysis?
In the decision-making example regarding food business expansion, what was one of the options identified during the Design Activity?
In the decision-making example regarding food business expansion, what was one of the options identified during the Design Activity?
Which scenario exemplifies the Choice Activity in decision-making?
Which scenario exemplifies the Choice Activity in decision-making?
Which statement best describes the difference between good decisions and good outcomes?
Which statement best describes the difference between good decisions and good outcomes?
What does the term 'Intelligence Activity' specifically require in the decision-making process?
What does the term 'Intelligence Activity' specifically require in the decision-making process?
What was one major reason for ED's poor academic performance in the semester?
What was one major reason for ED's poor academic performance in the semester?
Which approach did ED take to improve their academic performance?
Which approach did ED take to improve their academic performance?
What specific academic performance indicator reflects JJT’s struggles during Year 2?
What specific academic performance indicator reflects JJT’s struggles during Year 2?
What was a major concern regarding JJT’s future academic performance?
What was a major concern regarding JJT’s future academic performance?
What condition was applied to ED during their probation?
What condition was applied to ED during their probation?
What support resource might benefit JJT according to the decisions made?
What support resource might benefit JJT according to the decisions made?
Why is communication with professors emphasized for both ED and JJT?
Why is communication with professors emphasized for both ED and JJT?
What restrictions were placed on both students during their probation?
What restrictions were placed on both students during their probation?
What is the first step in the rational decision-making process?
What is the first step in the rational decision-making process?
Which of the following best describes a single objective decision?
Which of the following best describes a single objective decision?
What does the maximax framework assume about decision making?
What does the maximax framework assume about decision making?
How can decision makers counteract the decline in decision quality from frequent decisions?
How can decision makers counteract the decline in decision quality from frequent decisions?
What characterizes multiple objective decisions?
What characterizes multiple objective decisions?
What does the minimax framework suggest about decision outcomes?
What does the minimax framework suggest about decision outcomes?
Why are shortcuts in decision-making often problematic?
Why are shortcuts in decision-making often problematic?
What is one way to make better decisions according to the described process?
What is one way to make better decisions according to the described process?
What is the first step in the rational decision making process?
What is the first step in the rational decision making process?
Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of establishing decision criteria?
Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of establishing decision criteria?
Which technique is primarily used for generating a wide range of ideas in decision making?
Which technique is primarily used for generating a wide range of ideas in decision making?
What is the purpose of the Value Tree in decision-making?
What is the purpose of the Value Tree in decision-making?
What does the 'Consequences' step in the OACTURI model focus on?
What does the 'Consequences' step in the OACTURI model focus on?
In weighing decision criteria, which aspect is most critical for ensuring a selection is sound?
In weighing decision criteria, which aspect is most critical for ensuring a selection is sound?
What factor does the 'Risk' component of the OACTURI model evaluate?
What factor does the 'Risk' component of the OACTURI model evaluate?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the Rational Decision Making process?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the Rational Decision Making process?
What is Decision Fatigue?
What is Decision Fatigue?
What is a potential solution to reduce Decision Fatigue?
What is a potential solution to reduce Decision Fatigue?
How does Decision Paralysis primarily affect an individual?
How does Decision Paralysis primarily affect an individual?
What does Bounded Rationality suggest about decision-making?
What does Bounded Rationality suggest about decision-making?
What is Confirmation Bias?
What is Confirmation Bias?
Which strategy can help alleviate Decision Paralysis?
Which strategy can help alleviate Decision Paralysis?
What impact does mental fatigue have on decision-making?
What impact does mental fatigue have on decision-making?
Which statement is true regarding the criteria of value tree in decision-making?
Which statement is true regarding the criteria of value tree in decision-making?
Flashcards
Decision
Decision
A conclusion reached after consideration, leading to a commitment for action based on crises, problems, or opportunities.
Decision-making
Decision-making
Process of selecting among alternatives, comprising intelligence, design, and choice activity.
Intelligence Activity
Intelligence Activity
Define and clarify the situation necessitating a decision.
Design Activity
Design Activity
Identify and analyze alternative options.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Data-driven Decision
Data-driven Decision
Involves business tactics, mathematical formulas, technological applications, and behavioral science.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Decision Analysis
Decision Analysis
Examination of the process leading to the selection of alternatives, considering individual circumstances and backgrounds.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Identify the Problem
Identify the Problem
Define current vs. preferred situations.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Establish Decision Criteria
Establish Decision Criteria
Assess values and preferences, creating a value tree for measurable attributes.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Weigh Decision Criteria
Weigh Decision Criteria
Prioritize decision factors.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Generate Alternatives
Generate Alternatives
Brainstorm and utilize techniques to develop potential solutions.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Objectives
Objectives
Desired outcomes of the decision
Signup and view all the flashcards
Alternatives
Alternatives
Different courses of action available.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Consequences
Consequences
Potential outcomes linked to alternatives versus objectives.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Tradeoffs
Tradeoffs
Balancing conflicting factors of selected alternatives.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Uncertainty
Uncertainty
Assess impact of uncertain elements on outcomes.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Risk
Risk
Evaluate willingness to embrace risks, identifying those that can be minimized.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Decision Fatigue
Decision Fatigue
Deterioration in decision quality after extensive decision-making leads to mental fatigue.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Decision Paralysis
Decision Paralysis
Overthinking leads to inaction, harming productivity.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Bounded Rationality
Bounded Rationality
Individuals make decisions within limits of knowledge; settle for satisfactory rather than optimal solutions due to constraints.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Confirmation Bias
Confirmation Bias
Tendency to favor evidence that confirms existing beliefs while disregarding contradicting information.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Single Objective
Single Objective
Decisions aimed at achieving one primary outcome, typically framed as 'maximize' or 'minimize.'
Signup and view all the flashcards
Multiple Objectives
Multiple Objectives
Involve balancing competing goals; necessitate trade-offs due to conflicts among objectives.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Payoff Table
Payoff Table
Tool to display expected outcomes for different alternatives under varying conditions.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Maximax Framework
Maximax Framework
Optimistic approach, selecting highest payoffs for each alternative to find the best overall option.
Signup and view all the flashcards
Minimax Framework
Minimax Framework
Pessimistic approach focusing on minimizing potential losses during decision-making.
Signup and view all the flashcardsStudy Notes
Decision Definition and Making
- Decision: A conclusion reached after consideration, leading to a commitment for action based on crises, problems, or opportunities.
- Decision-making: Process of selecting among alternatives, comprising three elements: intelligence activity, design activity, and choice activity.
- Intelligence Activity: Define and clarify the situation necessitating a decision.
- Design Activity: Identify and analyze alternative options.
- Choice Activity: Select a course of action from available options.
Data-driven Decision
- Involves multiple layers incorporating business tactics, mathematical formulas, technological applications, and behavioral science.
- Focus on differentiating good decisions from good outcomes.
Decision Analysis
- Examination of the process leading to selection of alternatives, considering individual circumstances and backgrounds.
- First Case: ED: Poor grades linked to personal crisis; improvement plan laid out, indicating commitment to changes.
- Second Case: JJT: Struggles due to personal issues with no clear improvement plan; university should consider structured support.
Rational Decision Making Process
- Identify the Problem: Define and distinguish between current and preferred situations.
- Establish Decision Criteria: Assess values and preferences, creating a value tree for measurable attributes.
- Weigh Decision Criteria: Prioritize decision factors.
- Generate Alternatives: Brainstorm and utilize techniques like SWOT analysis to develop potential solutions.
- Evaluate and Select Best Alternative: Eliminate options to find the most viable solution.
OACTURI Model
- Objectives: Desired outcomes of the decision.
- Alternatives: Different courses of action available.
- Consequences: Potential outcomes linked to alternatives versus objectives.
- Tradeoffs: Balancing conflicting factors of selected alternatives.
- Uncertainty: Assess impact of uncertain elements on outcomes.
- Risk: Evaluate willingness to embrace risks, identifying those that can be minimized.
- Information: Gather additional data for informed decision-making.
Decision Fatigue and Paralysis
- Decision Fatigue: Deterioration in decision quality after extensive decision-making leads to mental fatigue.
- Solution: Reduce decision load, prompt early decisions, and create routines.
- Decision Paralysis: Overthinking leads to inaction, harming productivity.
Bounded Rationality
- Individuals make decisions within limits of knowledge; settle for satisfactory rather than optimal solutions due to constraints.
- Reliance on heuristics can lead to suboptimal outcomes.
Confirmation Bias
- Tendency to favor evidence that confirms existing beliefs while disregarding contradicting information.
- This bias can obstruct problem identification and solution development.
Strategies to Improve Decision-making
- Control thinking processes and mitigate unconscious influences on decisions.
- Collaborate in teams to gather comprehensive information.
Summary of Module 1
- Decisions involve selecting alternatives; focus on understanding the reasoning behind decisions made.
- Good outcomes don’t always stem from good decisions; ensure robust decision-making processes.
- Utilize the rational decision-making framework to systematically address problems.
- Quality of decisions may decline with numerous daily decisions; consciously mediate against cognitive shortcuts.
Quantitative Frameworks
- Single Objective: Decisions aimed at achieving one primary outcome, typically framed as "maximize" or "minimize".
- Multiple Objectives: Involve balancing competing goals; necessitate trade-offs due to conflicts among objectives.
- Payoff Table: Tool to display expected outcomes for different alternatives under varying conditions.
Decision-Making Frameworks
- Maximax Framework: Optimistic approach, selecting highest payoffs for each alternative to find the best overall option.
- Minimax Framework: Pessimistic approach focusing on minimizing potential losses during decision-making.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
