Decarbonization Justice Perspectives Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which perspective on justice focuses on the costs and benefits associated with decarbonization efforts?

  • Distributional justice (correct)
  • Restorative justice
  • Recognitional justice
  • Procedural justice

What does procedural justice primarily focus on in the context of decarbonization?

  • The historical injustices affecting regions
  • The scientific data used in policy formation
  • The processes of decision-making and inclusion (correct)
  • The benefits received by corporations

Recognitional justice in decarbonization processes is concerned with which of the following?

  • Including various stakeholders in decision-making
  • The legal frameworks supporting renewable energy
  • The subjective perceptions of different actors
  • Acknowledging economic inequalities (correct)

How do perceptions of (in)justice influence decarbonization policy?

<p>They shape how different actors respond to policies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of decarbonization, why might the fossil energy industry demand government incentives?

<p>To claim equitable treatment despite distributional injustices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

One aspect of recognitional justice includes attention to which type of injustices?

<p>Systemic or historical injustices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do many carbon-intensive regions compare unfavorably against in terms of decarbonization capacities?

<p>Other regions' macro-economic indicators (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a focus of procedural justice?

<p>Financial compensation for affected parties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for resistance from the fossil fuel industry during the transition to decarbonization?

<p>Threat to profitability and existing political organization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is NOT mentioned as participating in resistance against decarbonization plans?

<p>Corporate investors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to the legitimacy of resistance from impacted local actors?

<p>Their claims of injustice and moral authority (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can treating resistance as an illegitimate obstacle affect social dynamics?

<p>It can exacerbate issues of inequality and unrest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common concern has been voiced by unions regarding decarbonization?

<p>Job losses and lack of compensation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of failing to consider the distributional impacts of decarbonization policies?

<p>Widespread social disempowerment and frustration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of the citizen protests against wind farm developments in Greece?

<p>They highlight the lack of community benefits from profits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of strategies in the inventory are categorized as transformative actions?

<p>19% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common theme used by populist parties in Poland to garner support?

<p>Protection of coal workers and jobs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pattern emerges from citizen resistance strategies in the context of decarbonization?

<p>They address systemic inequalities in society. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is identified as a challenge in implementing decarbonization policies?

<p>Consequences of distributional inequalities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do resistance and negotiation interactions often conclude in the context of decarbonization?

<p>With improved compensation and retraining packages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might adaptive strategies in renewable energy provoke resistance?

<p>They often replicate existing inequalities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated as unlikely to manifest at the required scale and speed?

<p>Win-win outcomes of national transition plans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of policies is highlighted as needing further exploration?

<p>Rhetorical vs action-focused strategies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is resistance characterized in relation to transformation?

<p>Supporting the design of decarbonization policies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is crucial for the design of effective decarbonization policies?

<p>Engaging with the sources of resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of strategies is explored alongside the notion of societal tipping points?

<p>Adaptive strategies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the authors hope the Coping Strategies Inventory will serve as?

<p>A guide for just transformations in decarbonization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of societal relations is emphasized as needing change for effective transformation?

<p>Power relations, particularly of elites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested to cultivate deeper explorations regarding climate action?

<p>Investigate co-benefits and post-growth perspectives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant outcome of investigating resistance strategies?

<p>It offers insights into pathways to decarbonization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do existing transition plans often fail to account for?

<p>The need for systemic change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of resistance involves opposition to the phase-out of coal mines or processing facilities?

<p>Strategic resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reaction of firms to decarbonization efforts?

<p>Maintaining profit generation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do adaptation strategies generally relate to resistance?

<p>They aim to uphold existing systems without major changes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Circumstances under which resistance is less likely to occur often involve what?

<p>Effective integration of diverse concerns during planning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What political aspect is significant in determining adaptation actions?

<p>Framing of the decarbonization problem by elite actors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential issue with adaptation strategies that appear to endorse decarbonization?

<p>They can further entrench existing fossil fuel interests. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to the complexity of resistance strategies?

<p>Diverse political and economic ideologies among actors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following might indicate a failure to address different perspectives in decarbonization projects?

<p>Resistance strategies exhibited by various actors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference in motivations between social movements and firms regarding decarbonization?

<p>Firms prioritize profit generation over social concerns. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Resistance to decarbonization can stem from which of the following concerns?

<p>Health or safety impacts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is often resistant to decarbonization policies due to socioeconomic impacts?

<p>Protest organizations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy may be adopted to reduce vulnerability while also maintaining existing structures?

<p>Adaptation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to trade unions perceiving a transition as unjust?

<p>New jobs being less Paid than those lost (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for successful implementation of decarbonization policies?

<p>Addressing systemic distributional inequalities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue may arise from the development of new renewable industries?

<p>Perpetuation of resource extraction issues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When can perceived injustices in decarbonization empower populism?

<p>In former coal-intensive regions with economic decline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'enabling transformations'?

<p>Strategies that provide skills and spaces for structural transformations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributed to the motivations of the French gilets jaunes protestors?

<p>Lack of involvement in the decision-making process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three vectors that Gaventa outlines regarding actors' responses to decarbonization?

<p>Influence, resources, venues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process by which decarbonization is pursued requires attention to what?

<p>Who is included in the decision-making processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of resilience differ from adaptation in the context of decarbonization?

<p>Adaptation allows development along the current trajectory. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does resistance in the context of decarbonization policies aim to achieve?

<p>Preserve current conditions and resist change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does path dependency in the context of decarbonization imply?

<p>Future pathways are shaped by existing norms and actors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might exacerbate pre-existing injustices during decarbonization efforts?

<p>Top-down decision-making processes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can best practices from natural resource governance be applied to decarbonization?

<p>By ensuring meaningful participation and inclusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of decarbonization policies, what does the term 'adaptation' typically refer to?

<p>Responding to changing conditions while following existing paths (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of prioritizing adaptation strategies for decarbonization?

<p>They can lead to institutional lock-in (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is follow-through important after seeking broader input in decarbonization processes?

<p>It fosters public trust and reduces resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the connections between different types of responses to decarbonization?

<p>They are linked and influence each other. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The imposition of EU transition timelines can create justice issues primarily due to what factor?

<p>Conflicts between national and EU priorities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a successful example of collaborative governance in decarbonization?

<p>German Coal Commission's inclusion processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the distinction between adaptation and transformation often considered fuzzy?

<p>Adaptation can lead to transformation under certain conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Institutional theory highlights which aspect regarding decarbonization?

<p>Actors create pressures to conform to existing norms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'venues' refer to in the context of actors' capabilities?

<p>The platforms for collective actions and policymaking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do outmigration strategies in certain regions illustrate about community involvement?

<p>They highlight community disempowerment and lack of voice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of decarbonization, how should adaptation strategies ideally be approached?

<p>By addressing process and distribution proactively (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of justice issues emerge from relying on top-down decarbonization policies?

<p>Conflicts in local and national priorities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do citizen assemblies contribute to the decarbonization process?

<p>They provide opportunities for broader input and legitimacy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can trade unions react to the creation of new jobs during decarbonization?

<p>They can view it as unjust if job quality is poor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the majority of strategies in the provided inventory represent?

<p>Adaptions seeking decarbonization without broader shifts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Distributional Justice

A type of justice that focuses on how benefits and burdens from decarbonization policies are distributed among different groups.

Procedural Justice

A type of justice concerned with the processes and procedures involved in decarbonization, emphasizing fair participation and representation.

Recognitional Justice

A type of justice that acknowledges past injustices and seeks to redress them in decarbonization efforts.

Distribution of Costs and Benefits

In the context of decarbonization, this refers to the unequal distribution of costs and benefits, where those who experience the impacts may not be the same groups who receive the financial gains.

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Subjectivity of Justice Perceptions

The perception of fairness in decarbonization policies can vary significantly among different groups due to their unique experiences and priorities.

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Equitable Treatment

The idea that decarbonization policies should be implemented in a way that minimizes harm to vulnerable communities and avoids creating new injustices.

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Systemic or Historical Injustices

The idea that the impacts of decarbonization can be influenced by historical factors, like economic development or education levels, creating disparities in various regions.

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Context-Specific Decarbonization

Decarbonization strategies that consider the unique circumstances and needs of different groups to ensure a just and equitable transition.

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Resilience

The ability of a system to withstand disruptions and adapt to changing conditions while retaining its core identity and functions.

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Adaptation

The ability of a system to respond to changing conditions, particularly those related to climate change, to adapt and thrive.

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Transformation

A fundamental shift in a system’s structure, functions, or behaviours, often driven by significant pressures.

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Resistance

Strategies employed by actors to resist changes associated with decarbonization policies, seeking to preserve existing conditions.

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Adaptation

Actions taken by actors to adjust to changes brought about by decarbonization policies, often involving shifts in practices or behaviours.

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Transformation

A fundamental reorientation of a system’s structure, functions, or practices in response to decarbonization pressures, resulting in significant and lasting change.

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Coping Actors

Actors with different resources and capabilities who are engaged in navigating the challenges and opportunities associated with decarbonization.

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Resistance to Decarbonization

Strategies aimed at preventing or slowing down the implementation of decarbonization policies.

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Resistance to New Decarbonized Infrastructures

Opposition to the development of new, low-carbon infrastructure like wind turbines or solar farms.

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Resistance to Financial and Regulatory Mechanisms

Actions opposing financial and regulatory mechanisms designed to support low-carbon transitions, such as carbon taxes.

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Adaptation to Decarbonization

The process of adjusting to the inevitability of decarbonization policies and changing conditions while trying to maintain existing systems.

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Adaptive Responses

Changes made to behaviors and institutions in response to decarbonization policies, seeking to minimize disruption but often maintaining existing power structures.

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Political Nature of Adaptation

The notion that adaptation strategies are inherently political because they depend on how the decarbonization problem is framed and who defines the vulnerabilities and solutions.

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Differential Impacts of Decarbonization

The idea that different actors have varying levels of dependence on carbon resources, leading to unequal impacts and adaptive capacities.

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Adaptation Actions as Shaped by Existing Structures

The understanding that existing power structures, resources, and capacities shape the choices available for adaptation, leading to disparities in responses.

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Adapt-Resist Actions

Actions that appear to be adaptations to decarbonization policies but actually serve to maintain or strengthen fossil fuel interests.

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Persistence of Resistance

The persistence of resistance across actors and time, highlighting the significant challenges posed by decarbonization.

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Resistance Revealing Injustices

The revelation of injustices and inequities inherent in decarbonization efforts through resistance.

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Far-Reaching Impacts of Decarbonization

The widespread impact of decarbonization policies, affecting lives, economies, and global energy systems.

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Blurry Boundaries of Transformation and Resistance

The blurring of lines between transformation and resistance, as they can be interconnected and sometimes intertwined.

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Resistance as a Catalyst for Change

The recognition that resistance can be a catalyst for change, even if it initially appears to be an obstacle.

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Adaptive Strategies

A strategy that focuses on minimizing disruptions and adapting to decarbonization policies, often maintaining existing power structures.

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Transformative Strategies

Strategies that fundamentally shift a system's structure, functions, or practices in response to decarbonization pressures. They aim for significant and lasting change.

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Resistance Strategies

Strategies employed by actors to oppose or slow down the implementation of decarbonization policies.

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Resistance as a Catalyst

The recognition that resistance can be a catalyst for change, even if it initially appears to be an obstacle.

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Adaptation Actions Shaped by Structures

The understanding that existing power structures, resources, and capacities shape the choices available for adaptation, leading to disparities in responses.

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Decarbonization

The process of reducing or eliminating greenhouse gas emissions from an economy.

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Fossil Fuel Industry Resistance

Fossil fuel industries resist decarbonization because their profitability and existence are threatened by a shift to clean energy.

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Resistance from Non-Fossil Fuel Actors

Workers, communities, and NGOs resist decarbonization due to concerns about job losses, social and economic impacts, and lack of involvement in decision-making.

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Distributional Justice in Decarbonization

Distributional justice focuses on ensuring that the benefits and costs of decarbonization are fairly distributed among different groups.

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Procedural Justice in Decarbonization

Procedural justice emphasizes fairness and transparency in the processes involved in decarbonization, ensuring diverse voices are heard.

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Resistance as a Signal

Resistance to decarbonization can signal that the potential negative impacts and concerns of affected communities haven't been adequately addressed.

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Resolving Resistance Through Negotiation

Negotiations and compromise can help resolve conflicts arising from decarbonization, ensuring fair compensation and support for affected groups.

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Consequences of Ignoring Resistance

Ignoring or dismissing resistance to decarbonization can exacerbate inequalities and lead to social unrest, as evident in the gilets jaunes protests in France.

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Populist Movements and Decarbonization

Populist movements often exploit concerns related to decarbonization, using them to gain political support by emphasizing protection of traditional industries and jobs.

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Social Disempowerment and Decarbonization

Decarbonization policies can lead to social disempowerment and frustration if they fail to consider the distributional impacts on different communities.

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Citizen Resistance and Inequality

Citizen resistance against low-carbon infrastructure often highlights concerns about the unequal distribution of profits, perpetuating existing social and economic inequalities.

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Extractive Development and Resistance

Extractive natural resource development, where big companies profit while communities receive little benefit, is a common pattern that fuels resistance.

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Transforming vs. Transitioning

Transitioning to renewable energy without addressing systemic inequalities can perpetuate existing injustices and trigger further resistance.

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Moving Beyond Adaptation

Actors pushing for decarbonization often seek transformation, addressing systemic inequalities and creating more equitable systems.

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Distributional Inequities in Decarbonization

Policies aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions can have unequal effects on different groups; some benefit while others experience burdens.

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Recognitional Justice in Decarbonization

Recognizing past injustices and striving to address them in decarbonization efforts, aiming for equity and fairness.

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Transformation in Decarbonization

A fundamental reorientation of a system’s structure, functions, or practices in response to decarbonization pressures, resulting in significant and lasting change.

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Path Dependence in Decarbonization

Understanding how decarbonization can lead to changes that are not always straightforward, and can create unintended consequences.

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Coping Mechanisms in Decarbonization

Coping Mechanisms in Decarbonization

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Facilitated Collaborative Governance in Decarbonization

A process involving broad inclusion, deliberation, and debate aimed at addressing deep societal divisions and trade-offs in decarbonization.

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Meaningful Participation in Decarbonization

Providing meaningful opportunities for affected parties to shape the decisions that will affect their lives, and create a fairer distribution of benefits.

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Local Knowledge Integration in Decarbonization

Integrating local knowledge and creating better development plans through participation and inclusion in decision-making processes.

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Follow Through in Decarbonization

Making sure that efforts to engage citizens and seek input are genuine and have a real impact on decision-making.

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Dominance of Adaptation in Decarbonization

Understanding the balance between adaptation and transformation in decarbonization efforts, and the potential limitations of adaptation approaches.

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Institutional Lock-in and Socio-Economic Drivers in Decarbonization

The challenge of addressing the potential limitations of adaptation strategies and the need for more transformative approaches.

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Transformative Private Sector Action in Decarbonization

Strategies that leverage the power of private sector actors to incentivize more sustainable practices, such as economic benefit sharing or community-led planning.

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Study Notes

Justice in Decarbonization Transitions

  • Justice in decarbonization is multifaceted, encompassing distributional, procedural, and recognitional perspectives, among others
  • Distributional justice in decarbonization concerns the equitable distribution of costs and benefits. Renewable energy developments often benefit corporations while impacting those experiencing the development
  • Procedural justice focuses on the fairness of decision-making processes, ensuring inclusivity and consideration of diverse perspectives during decarbonization efforts
  • Recognitional justice centers on addressing historical and systemic injustices within decarbonization efforts. Often, communities in carbon-intensive regions face adaptation challenges due to lower economic indicators compared to other areas.

Subjective Perceptions of Justice

  • Perceptions of justice are highly subjective and vary among different actors and scales
  • Fossil fuel industry may emphasize equitable treatment to demand incentives, perpetuating injustices related to transitional funds
  • Trade unions may consider a transition unjust if new jobs lack the same pay as lost positions
  • The development of new renewable industries could create injustices if they worsen resource extraction issues for disadvantaged communities

Top-Down Decarbonization and Justice

  • Top-down decarbonization decisions (e.g., EU transition timelines) may spark justice concerns, impacting national priorities and existing industries
  • National and EU priorities may clash, creating justice issues, exemplified by Poland's coal industry and Greece's austerity program
  • These perceived injustices can contribute to populist movements, as seen in former coal regions in France

Coping Strategies for Decarbonization

  • Actors in decarbonization respond through various coping strategies, influenced by decision-making levels, available resources, and action venues
  • Individuals have limited coping options compared to corporations facing carbon taxes
  • Actors' responses vary based on their access to decision-making levels, resources, and action venues

Resistance, Adaptation, and Transformation

  • Resistance, adaptation, and transformation are interconnected strategies for responding to decarbonization initiatives
  • Resilience is the ability to adapt to changing conditions within existing boundaries, which, according to Folke et al. (2010), involves preserving function, structure, and feedbacks (and therefore identity)
  • Adaptation seeks to respond to changing conditions without fundamentally challenging existing systems
  • Transformation involves creating new systems when current structures become unsustainable

Resistance to Decarbonization

  • Resistance to decarbonization often arises from concerns regarding socioeconomic impacts, political and economic ideologies, attachment to place, climate denialism, and health/safety issues
  • Firms often resist decarbonization efforts to protect existing political and economic orders, ensuring profit generation. Governments are often motivated by economic growth.
  • Resistance can be a sign of insufficient consideration of diverse perspectives and views during decarbonization planning and implementation.
  • Successful responses to resistance can involve improving compensation and retraining packages. Ignoring resistance can worsen injustices

Adaptation to Decarbonization

  • Adaptation to decarbonization involves adjusting to change while aiming to maintain existing socioeconomic, political and cultural systems
  • Adaptation strategies can be inherently political, influenced by who frames the issue and vulnerabilities of actors
  • Adaptation can also take on a resistant form - "greenwashing" - by supporting superficially decarbonizing solutions while primarily maintaining fossil fuel interests (e.g., hydrogen projects).

Transformation in Decarbonization

  • Transformation, while potentially blurry, aligns with the idea of shifting beyond adaptive strategies to systematically address systemic inequalities inherent to current systems
  • Examples include creating energy communities, smaller enterprise economies, and reduced energy consumption
  • Enabling transformations, often executed by NGOs and governments, strive to facilitate larger structural changes by providing crucial skills and spaces for improvement.

Dominance of Adaptation and its Limits

  • Adaptation represents a significant component of decarbonization efforts in the PROJECT NAME Coping Strategies Inventory
  • Institutional lock-ins, and profit-maximizing incentives tend to push actors towards adaptation, rather than transformative responses
  • Adaptation can often be insufficient, highlighting the urgent need for strategies that address both process, distribution, and systemic issues.

Overall Conclusions

  • While adaptation dominates, addressing systemic inequalities, procedural fairness, and recognitional justice are crucial for socially accepted and effective decarbonization
  • The PROJECT NAME Coping Strategies Inventory provides a valuable resource for understanding responses to decarbonization
  • Effective decarbonization policies need to consider systemic distributional, procedural, and recognitional injustices for greater public acceptance and wider impact

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