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What is ex-post accountability?
What is the main difference between ex-post and ex-ante accountability?
Why is ex-post accountability considered the only true form of accountability?
What is responsiveness in the context of accountability?
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What is the main difference between accountability and responsiveness?
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What is the role of public sector actors in terms of responsiveness?
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What is answerability in the context of accountability?
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What is enforceability in the context of accountability?
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What is the result of a system that provides for sanctions alone, without a formal process of reason-giving?
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What is the difference between de jure and de facto lines of accountability?
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What is the relationship between the AGENT and the OBJECT in the accountability drama?
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What are the two key aspects of accountability?
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What is the primary concern of de facto accountability in government activity?
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What is the ultimate goal of making de facto accountability relationships correspond with those stipulated in law?
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What does 'accountability' shorthand for in the context of governance?
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Who are the primary beneficiaries of accountability in governance?
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What is the conventional conception of accountability in governance?
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Why have private sector actors come to be seen as legitimate objects of direct accountability?
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What is the relationship between those who hold state power and the people who constitute a political community?
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What is the primary consequence of the withdrawal of international grants and loans?
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Ex-ante accountability is the only true form of accountability.
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Ex-ante accountability occurs after an action is taken.
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Accountability is synonymous with responsiveness.
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Ex-post accountability involves questioning before an action is finally approved.
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Responsiveness is governed by the same set or intensity of rules, checks, and constraints as accountability.
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Ex-ante accountability is exercised through parliamentary rejection or substantial amendment.
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The frequency of scrutiny and public justification has no impact on the capacity of accountability systems.
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In the context of accountability, the OBJECT is the one who is entitled to demand answers or impose punishments.
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Accountability implies the capacity to demand reason-giving and impose penalties.
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Answerability is having to suffer penalties from those dissatisfied with one's actions.
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A system that provides for reason-giving alone, without sanctions, is considered fair and effective.
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De jure accountability refers to accountability in practice, while de facto accountability refers to accountability according to law or accepted procedure.
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Enforceability is a necessary aspect of accountability.
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The AGENT is the one who is accountable to the OBJECT in the accountability drama.
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Accountability is only relevant in the context of governance.
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De facto accountability in government activity is primarily to domestic institutions such as parliament.
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The primary concern of accountability is to empower those with relatively more power.
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Accountability is a way of providing citizens a means to control the behavior of private sector actors.
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Private sector actors have come to be seen as legitimate objects of mediated accountability.
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The ultimate goal of making de facto accountability relationships correspond with those stipulated in law is to reduce accountability.
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Accountability is shorthand for authoritarian accountability.
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Accountability is primarily concerned with providing benefits to those who hold state power.
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Study Notes
De Facto Accountability
- External donors hold more influence over government activities than domestic institutions like parliament.
- The threat of withdrawing international grants and loans or imposing sanctions can hold governments accountable.
Need for Accountability
- Accountability ensures the powerful are checked, and those with less power are protected.
- Accountability is essential in a democratic system, where those in power act on behalf of the people.
Accountability Relationships
- Accountability to ordinary people and the legal framework is crucial.
- Providing citizens with means to control the behavior of politicians and government officials is essential.
Private Sector Accountability
- The private sector has assumed more powers, making them legitimate objects of direct accountability.
- Actors in the private sector can be held accountable through direct means.
Ex-Post and Ex-Ante Accountability
Ex-Post Accountability
- The only true form of accountability, where holders of power are expected to take actions and face assessment and potential sanctions after the fact.
Ex-Ante Accountability
- The decision-making process is subjected to questioning before an action is finally approved, allowing for scrutiny and justification before implementation.
Accountability vs. Responsiveness
- Accountability is not synonymous with responsiveness or a subjective sense of responsibility.
- Responsiveness is the desired aptitude of power-holders towards ordinary citizens, but does not imply accountability.
Accountability in Practice
- Accountability involves the capacity to demand reason-giving and the capacity to impose penalties for poor performance.
- A person is accountable to another if they are obliged to explain and justify their actions, and may face sanctions if their conduct is found wanting.
Key Actors in Accountability
- The OBJECT is the one obliged to account for their actions and face sanction.
- The AGENT is the one entitled to demand answers or impose punishments.
Forms of Accountability
- ANSWERABILITY: having to provide information about one's actions.
- ENFORCEABILITY: having to suffer penalties from those dissatisfied with the actions or rationale.
De Facto Accountability
- External donors hold more influence over government activities than domestic institutions like parliament.
- The threat of withdrawing international grants and loans or imposing sanctions can hold governments accountable.
Need for Accountability
- Accountability ensures the powerful are checked, and those with less power are protected.
- Accountability is essential in a democratic system, where those in power act on behalf of the people.
Accountability Relationships
- Accountability to ordinary people and the legal framework is crucial.
- Providing citizens with means to control the behavior of politicians and government officials is essential.
Private Sector Accountability
- The private sector has assumed more powers, making them legitimate objects of direct accountability.
- Actors in the private sector can be held accountable through direct means.
Ex-Post and Ex-Ante Accountability
Ex-Post Accountability
- The only true form of accountability, where holders of power are expected to take actions and face assessment and potential sanctions after the fact.
Ex-Ante Accountability
- The decision-making process is subjected to questioning before an action is finally approved, allowing for scrutiny and justification before implementation.
Accountability vs. Responsiveness
- Accountability is not synonymous with responsiveness or a subjective sense of responsibility.
- Responsiveness is the desired aptitude of power-holders towards ordinary citizens, but does not imply accountability.
Accountability in Practice
- Accountability involves the capacity to demand reason-giving and the capacity to impose penalties for poor performance.
- A person is accountable to another if they are obliged to explain and justify their actions, and may face sanctions if their conduct is found wanting.
Key Actors in Accountability
- The OBJECT is the one obliged to account for their actions and face sanction.
- The AGENT is the one entitled to demand answers or impose punishments.
Forms of Accountability
- ANSWERABILITY: having to provide information about one's actions.
- ENFORCEABILITY: having to suffer penalties from those dissatisfied with the actions or rationale.
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Description
This quiz covers de facto accountability in government activity, including external donors and domestic institutions, and the need for accountability in policy making.
