Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is ex-post accountability?
What is ex-post accountability?
- A type of accountability where power-holders are not held responsible.
- The process of questioning before an action is finally approved.
- The only true form of accountability where power-holders are assessed after the fact. (correct)
- A form of accountability where frequency of scrutiny is not important.
What is the main difference between ex-post and ex-ante accountability?
What is the main difference between ex-post and ex-ante accountability?
- Ex-post is more frequent than ex-ante.
- Ex-post is more effective than ex-ante.
- Ex-post is used in private sector, while ex-ante is used in public sector.
- Ex-post is assessed after the fact, while ex-ante is before the fact. (correct)
Why is ex-post accountability considered the only true form of accountability?
Why is ex-post accountability considered the only true form of accountability?
- Because it is the only form of accountability that can impose sanctions. (correct)
- Because it is more frequent.
- Because it is more effective.
- Because it is assessed after the fact.
What is responsiveness in the context of accountability?
What is responsiveness in the context of accountability?
What is the main difference between accountability and responsiveness?
What is the main difference between accountability and responsiveness?
What is the role of public sector actors in terms of responsiveness?
What is the role of public sector actors in terms of responsiveness?
What is answerability in the context of accountability?
What is answerability in the context of accountability?
What is enforceability in the context of accountability?
What is enforceability in the context of accountability?
What is the result of a system that provides for sanctions alone, without a formal process of reason-giving?
What is the result of a system that provides for sanctions alone, without a formal process of reason-giving?
What is the difference between de jure and de facto lines of accountability?
What is the difference between de jure and de facto lines of accountability?
What is the relationship between the AGENT and the OBJECT in the accountability drama?
What is the relationship between the AGENT and the OBJECT in the accountability drama?
What are the two key aspects of accountability?
What are the two key aspects of accountability?
What is the primary concern of de facto accountability in government activity?
What is the primary concern of de facto accountability in government activity?
What is the ultimate goal of making de facto accountability relationships correspond with those stipulated in law?
What is the ultimate goal of making de facto accountability relationships correspond with those stipulated in law?
What does 'accountability' shorthand for in the context of governance?
What does 'accountability' shorthand for in the context of governance?
Who are the primary beneficiaries of accountability in governance?
Who are the primary beneficiaries of accountability in governance?
What is the conventional conception of accountability in governance?
What is the conventional conception of accountability in governance?
Why have private sector actors come to be seen as legitimate objects of direct accountability?
Why have private sector actors come to be seen as legitimate objects of direct accountability?
What is the relationship between those who hold state power and the people who constitute a political community?
What is the relationship between those who hold state power and the people who constitute a political community?
What is the primary consequence of the withdrawal of international grants and loans?
What is the primary consequence of the withdrawal of international grants and loans?
Ex-ante accountability is the only true form of accountability.
Ex-ante accountability is the only true form of accountability.
Ex-ante accountability occurs after an action is taken.
Ex-ante accountability occurs after an action is taken.
Accountability is synonymous with responsiveness.
Accountability is synonymous with responsiveness.
Ex-post accountability involves questioning before an action is finally approved.
Ex-post accountability involves questioning before an action is finally approved.
Responsiveness is governed by the same set or intensity of rules, checks, and constraints as accountability.
Responsiveness is governed by the same set or intensity of rules, checks, and constraints as accountability.
Ex-ante accountability is exercised through parliamentary rejection or substantial amendment.
Ex-ante accountability is exercised through parliamentary rejection or substantial amendment.
The frequency of scrutiny and public justification has no impact on the capacity of accountability systems.
The frequency of scrutiny and public justification has no impact on the capacity of accountability systems.
In the context of accountability, the OBJECT is the one who is entitled to demand answers or impose punishments.
In the context of accountability, the OBJECT is the one who is entitled to demand answers or impose punishments.
Accountability implies the capacity to demand reason-giving and impose penalties.
Accountability implies the capacity to demand reason-giving and impose penalties.
Answerability is having to suffer penalties from those dissatisfied with one's actions.
Answerability is having to suffer penalties from those dissatisfied with one's actions.
A system that provides for reason-giving alone, without sanctions, is considered fair and effective.
A system that provides for reason-giving alone, without sanctions, is considered fair and effective.
De jure accountability refers to accountability in practice, while de facto accountability refers to accountability according to law or accepted procedure.
De jure accountability refers to accountability in practice, while de facto accountability refers to accountability according to law or accepted procedure.
Enforceability is a necessary aspect of accountability.
Enforceability is a necessary aspect of accountability.
The AGENT is the one who is accountable to the OBJECT in the accountability drama.
The AGENT is the one who is accountable to the OBJECT in the accountability drama.
Accountability is only relevant in the context of governance.
Accountability is only relevant in the context of governance.
De facto accountability in government activity is primarily to domestic institutions such as parliament.
De facto accountability in government activity is primarily to domestic institutions such as parliament.
The primary concern of accountability is to empower those with relatively more power.
The primary concern of accountability is to empower those with relatively more power.
Accountability is a way of providing citizens a means to control the behavior of private sector actors.
Accountability is a way of providing citizens a means to control the behavior of private sector actors.
Private sector actors have come to be seen as legitimate objects of mediated accountability.
Private sector actors have come to be seen as legitimate objects of mediated accountability.
The ultimate goal of making de facto accountability relationships correspond with those stipulated in law is to reduce accountability.
The ultimate goal of making de facto accountability relationships correspond with those stipulated in law is to reduce accountability.
Accountability is shorthand for authoritarian accountability.
Accountability is shorthand for authoritarian accountability.
Accountability is primarily concerned with providing benefits to those who hold state power.
Accountability is primarily concerned with providing benefits to those who hold state power.
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Study Notes
De Facto Accountability
- External donors hold more influence over government activities than domestic institutions like parliament.
- The threat of withdrawing international grants and loans or imposing sanctions can hold governments accountable.
Need for Accountability
- Accountability ensures the powerful are checked, and those with less power are protected.
- Accountability is essential in a democratic system, where those in power act on behalf of the people.
Accountability Relationships
- Accountability to ordinary people and the legal framework is crucial.
- Providing citizens with means to control the behavior of politicians and government officials is essential.
Private Sector Accountability
- The private sector has assumed more powers, making them legitimate objects of direct accountability.
- Actors in the private sector can be held accountable through direct means.
Ex-Post and Ex-Ante Accountability
Ex-Post Accountability
- The only true form of accountability, where holders of power are expected to take actions and face assessment and potential sanctions after the fact.
Ex-Ante Accountability
- The decision-making process is subjected to questioning before an action is finally approved, allowing for scrutiny and justification before implementation.
Accountability vs. Responsiveness
- Accountability is not synonymous with responsiveness or a subjective sense of responsibility.
- Responsiveness is the desired aptitude of power-holders towards ordinary citizens, but does not imply accountability.
Accountability in Practice
- Accountability involves the capacity to demand reason-giving and the capacity to impose penalties for poor performance.
- A person is accountable to another if they are obliged to explain and justify their actions, and may face sanctions if their conduct is found wanting.
Key Actors in Accountability
- The OBJECT is the one obliged to account for their actions and face sanction.
- The AGENT is the one entitled to demand answers or impose punishments.
Forms of Accountability
- ANSWERABILITY: having to provide information about one's actions.
- ENFORCEABILITY: having to suffer penalties from those dissatisfied with the actions or rationale.
De Facto Accountability
- External donors hold more influence over government activities than domestic institutions like parliament.
- The threat of withdrawing international grants and loans or imposing sanctions can hold governments accountable.
Need for Accountability
- Accountability ensures the powerful are checked, and those with less power are protected.
- Accountability is essential in a democratic system, where those in power act on behalf of the people.
Accountability Relationships
- Accountability to ordinary people and the legal framework is crucial.
- Providing citizens with means to control the behavior of politicians and government officials is essential.
Private Sector Accountability
- The private sector has assumed more powers, making them legitimate objects of direct accountability.
- Actors in the private sector can be held accountable through direct means.
Ex-Post and Ex-Ante Accountability
Ex-Post Accountability
- The only true form of accountability, where holders of power are expected to take actions and face assessment and potential sanctions after the fact.
Ex-Ante Accountability
- The decision-making process is subjected to questioning before an action is finally approved, allowing for scrutiny and justification before implementation.
Accountability vs. Responsiveness
- Accountability is not synonymous with responsiveness or a subjective sense of responsibility.
- Responsiveness is the desired aptitude of power-holders towards ordinary citizens, but does not imply accountability.
Accountability in Practice
- Accountability involves the capacity to demand reason-giving and the capacity to impose penalties for poor performance.
- A person is accountable to another if they are obliged to explain and justify their actions, and may face sanctions if their conduct is found wanting.
Key Actors in Accountability
- The OBJECT is the one obliged to account for their actions and face sanction.
- The AGENT is the one entitled to demand answers or impose punishments.
Forms of Accountability
- ANSWERABILITY: having to provide information about one's actions.
- ENFORCEABILITY: having to suffer penalties from those dissatisfied with the actions or rationale.
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