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Questions and Answers
Which of these are considered relevant terms in film sound? (Select all that apply)
Which of these are considered relevant terms in film sound? (Select all that apply)
What are the two broad categories that film music/sound can be described under? (Select all that apply)
What are the two broad categories that film music/sound can be described under? (Select all that apply)
The advent of synchronous sound was primarily motivated by the need for superior sound quality.
The advent of synchronous sound was primarily motivated by the need for superior sound quality.
False
What did Max Winkler's books of cue sheets introduce to the film industry in 1912?
What did Max Winkler's books of cue sheets introduce to the film industry in 1912?
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Match the following film sound terms with their definitions:
Match the following film sound terms with their definitions:
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What does the term "P.O.V." stand for in film sound, and what does it refer to?
What does the term "P.O.V." stand for in film sound, and what does it refer to?
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The technical apparatus of ______ music must not be visible.
The technical apparatus of ______ music must not be visible.
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The music in "The Black Pirate" film would have been created using a score and recorded in a studio.
The music in "The Black Pirate" film would have been created using a score and recorded in a studio.
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What is the significance of Claudia Gorbman's "Rules of Narrative Film Music"?
What is the significance of Claudia Gorbman's "Rules of Narrative Film Music"?
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What reason below is NOT considered a reason for the presence of music in film? (Select all that apply)
What reason below is NOT considered a reason for the presence of music in film? (Select all that apply)
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Study Notes
Film Sound
- Film sound encompasses all audio elements in a film
- Includes dialogue, music, and sound effects
The Sound Track
- The soundtrack is the complete audio component of a film
- Includes music and sound effects, as well as dialogue
Relevant Terms
- Scene: A sequence of shots that together form a coherent unit within a film (from theatre)
- Shot: A single uninterrupted series of images within a scene
- P.O.V. (Point of View): The perspective of the camera and how it captures the scene
More Relevant Terms
- M.O.S. (Mit Out Sound): Filming without sound
- Cue: A musical sequence, often used in a film
- Montage: Literally assembling; editing
- Take: A single attempt at filming a scene, often taken several times
Pre-Production
- Scriptwriting
- Financing a film
- Scheduling the Production
- Locations scouting
- Casting actors
- Permits & Insurance
- Crew & Equipment Rentals
- Distribution & Marketing Plans
- Advertising & Promotion
Story Board
- A visual representation of a film sequence
Principal Photography
- Location recording; the act of recording sound at the location of filming
- All actors and other elements that help depict a scene are present at filming locations.
Synchronization
- Filming audio while simultaneously recording audio, to keep the audio in sync with the visuals
- A clapperboard is used during synchronization to ensure every shot and audio clip is synchronized
- The terms "production," "director," "camera," "date," "scene," and "take" are used during synchronization
Timecode
- Timecode is a precise measure of the duration of the recordings
- A typical timecode is displayed as 01:03:25:16
Location Recording
- Sound is recorded at the location of filming
Sound Stage
- The set for recording sound where equipment, technicians, and actors gather to perform scenes
Film Music/Sound
- Film music may be described as diegetic, screen, or source
- Film music may be non-diegetic, score, or pit music
Post-Production
- Picture editing; adjustments to visuals
- Special effects and CGI
- ADR (Automated Dialogue Replacement); for example for dubbing
- Dubbing; for example to record dialogue or vocals
Sound Effects
- Foley; creating sound effects
Foley
- A Foley artist creates sound effects by using a variety of props and creating sounds that match the action on screen
- Foley Artist: Foley Work
Music Scoring
- Music is added to enhance the film
Sound Editing
- Combining all audio (location sound, ADR, Foley, SFX, music)
Film Sound - Early History
- Early films were often accompanied by live music from vaudeville or music hall orchestras
- The use of music in films grew in complexity, with the invention of recording technology, allowing better sound quality
- Films were given a soundtrack to add to the film's ambience
- The need to record music during the filming was made necessary due to restrictions on recording technology
- There was initial resistance to synchronize sound and music, because initially it was difficult to sync audio with video.
- As recording technology progressed, it became possible to record and mix music synchronized to recordings and footage, leading to the addition of the voice to the sound track
Synchronous Sound & Aesthetic Challenges
- Concerns about recording music and sound with the visual footage, especially earlier recordings.
Controlling the Playback
- Technical considerations to playback audio correctly at the time of film recordings; Academy Curve (not to scale)
The Role of Music in Film
- Music strengthens a narrative, engages the audience, and promotes emotion; it enhances the emotional impact of the story
- Different functions of film music; to enhance the effect of an image, sound, or object
- Music adds importance to characterization, narrative, starting and ending points of the film and conveys atmosphere and emotion.
Film Music Function
- Claudia Gorbman's Rules of Narrative Film Music
- VII Principles of Composition (Invisibility, Inaudibility, Signifier of Emotion, Narrative Cueing, Continuity, Connotative, Irony)
Sound Diary 7
- Brief summary of sounds for film recordings
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