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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of histones in eukaryotic cells?

  • To bind to centromeres during cell division
  • To promote cytokinesis
  • To package DNA into nucleosomes (correct)
  • To facilitate the replication of DNA

What occurs during the S phase of interphase?

  • Centrosomes separate
  • RNA is synthesized
  • DNA is replicated (correct)
  • The cell undergoes physical division

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the cell's equatorial plane?

  • Prophase
  • Anaphase
  • Telophase
  • Metaphase (correct)

What happens to sister chromatids after they are separated during cell division?

<p>Each is considered a full-fledged chromosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is part of the mitotic phase of the cell cycle?

<p>Cytokinesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do microtubules shorten at the kinetochore?

<p>Anaphase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure controls chromosome movement during the mitotic phase?

<p>Spindle apparatus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which phase do centrosomes migrate to opposite ends of the cell?

<p>Prometaphase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells do gametes represent in terms of genetic complement?

<p>Haploid cells with one set of chromosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase is NOT part of mitosis?

<p>Cytokinesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary result of meiosis?

<p>Four unique haploid gametes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines chromatin in the context of cellular division?

<p>A loosening structure that condenses during cell division (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the genomic organization within a eukaryotic cell?

<p>DNA is packaged into chromosomes for efficient management (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about somatic cells is false?

<p>Somatic cells are reproductive in nature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cellular division primarily results in growth and development in multicellular organisms?

<p>Mitosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cell division types is accurate?

<p>Almost all cellular division occurs through mitosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during anaphase in mitosis?

<p>Chromosomes move toward the poles along stationary microtubules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference in cytokinesis between animal and plant cells?

<p>Animal cells undergo cleavage, while plant cells form a cell plate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives the regulation of the cell cycle?

<p>Chemical signals in cytoplasm. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the G1 checkpoint in the cell cycle?

<p>It signals the cell to enter a resting state if conditions are unfavorable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens at the M checkpoint during mitosis?

<p>The cell verifies full chromosome attachment to spindle fibers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if a cell does not receive a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint?

<p>The cell will enter the G0 phase and stop dividing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does the cell receive a stop signal if chromosomes are not fully attached?

<p>M checkpoint. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Cell Cycle Control System ensure?

<p>Cell division varies based on cell type and conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do cyclins play in cell cycle control?

<p>They are proteins whose levels fluctuate cyclically. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is MPF and its function in the cell cycle?

<p>A cyclin-Cdk complex that triggers cell passage past the G2 checkpoint. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by anchorage dependence in cell division?

<p>Cells require attachment to a substratum to divide. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes malignant tumors from benign tumors?

<p>Malignant tumors can metastasize to other body parts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cancer cells typically bypass normal cell cycle controls?

<p>They can convey growth factor signals without the actual growth factor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cancer treatment uses high-energy radiation?

<p>Radiation therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step typically involved in cancer treatment?

<p>Surgery to remove a tumor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common treatment strategy that utilizes the body's immune system?

<p>Immunotherapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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