Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the distinguishing features of prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells are simple, unicellular organisms that do not have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, with most of their DNA found in the nucleoid region.
What are the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane and contain various other organelles that are also membrane-bound.
Which statement is true about prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes can only be multicellular organisms.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the process by which generic cells change to different types of specialized cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of tissue is characterized by closely-joined cells with tight junctions?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the types of epithelial tissue with their functions:
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of blood in connective tissue?
Signup and view all the answers
Connective tissue proper is made up of ____ connective tissue that is found in the skin.
Signup and view all the answers
Adipose tissue stores fats and helps to insulate the body.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotic cells are simple, unicellular organisms lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, primarily containing DNA in the nucleoid region.
- Eukaryotic cells possess a nucleus enclosed by a membrane and have various other organelles that are also membrane-bound.
- Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes can possess genetic information despite the lack of a defined nucleus in prokaryotes.
- Bacteria, often viewed negatively, play essential roles in ecosystems and human health.
Specialized Cells in Animals
- Specialized cells undergo differentiation to perform specific functions within multicellular organisms.
- Key types of specialized animal cells include epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve cells.
Specialized Cells in Plants
- Plant cells also differentiate to carry out specialized functions, adapting to unique roles within plant tissues.
Epithelial Tissue
- Epithelial tissue serves as linings for organs and cavities, characterized by closely packed cells with tight junctions.
- Distinct arrangements of epithelial cells include:
- Cuboidal: For secretion.
- Simple Columnar: Brick-shaped for secretion and absorption.
- Simple Squamous: Plate-like for material exchange via diffusion.
- Stratified Squamous: Multilayered for protection, regenerates quickly.
- Pseudo-Stratified Columnar: Appears layered, lines the respiratory tract, may contain cilia for mucus sweeping.
Connective Tissue
- Connective tissues include various types that provide support and structure, such as:
- Blood: Composed of plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
- Connective Tissue Proper (CTP): Includes loose connective tissue (found in skin) and fibrous connective tissue (tendons, ligaments).
- Adipose Tissue: A type of loose connective tissue that stores fat and functions in insulation and energy storage.
- Cartilage: Contains collagenous fibers in chondroitin sulfate, cushioning bones and aiding structural stability.
- Bone: A hard mineralized tissue, formed by osteoblasts, combines collagen matrix with minerals and houses blood vessels and nerves.
Muscle Tissue
- Muscle tissues are made of long cells (muscle fibers) that allow for movement and contractibility, facilitating bodily functions.
Cell Modifications for Function
- Cells can adapt through structural changes such as:
- Cilia: Can be motile for movement or non-motile (sensory).
- Flagella: Whip-like structures for propulsion.
- Microvilli: Small projections enhancing surface area for increased absorption.
- Pseudopodia: Temporary extensions for movement and engulfing substances (phagocytosis).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
