DCF Childcare Training Courses 1-5

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Questions and Answers

What is a theory?

A set of facts or principles analyzed in relation to one another and used to explain phenomena.

How do you create a positive environment for children in your care?

*Ensure learning centers have ample space for movement.*Reduce the number of transitions throughout the day.*Ensure the environment feels safe for the child.*Provide activities that are slightly challenging to the child.*Provide activities to increase development without causing frustration.

Abraham Maslow developed what?

The hierarchy of human needs.

How many levels does Maslow's hierarchy have?

Five. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 5 levels of Maslow's hierarchy?

Level 1-Physical, Level 2-Comfort and Safety, Level 3-Social, Level 4-Self-esteem, Level 5-Self-Actualizing. Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of a Physical need?

*Air to breathe, *Shelter to protect, *Water to drink, *Food to eat, *Clothes to wear, *Health care. Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of Comfort and Safety?

*Safety, *Security, *Stability, *Transportation, *Safe relationships, *Child care. Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of Self-Esteem?

*Adequacy, *Confidence, *Importance, *Sense of efficiency, capability, resiliency, hopefulness, *Ability to cope and problem solve. Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of Self-Actualizing?

*Fulfill one's life purpose and meaning, *Being all that one is able to be, *Spirituality, *Personal emotional response, *Refinement of interpersonal skills. Signup and view all the answers

What does the hierarchy of needs mean to you as a child care professional?

*Basic needs must be met first. When not met, the child's self-worth suffers. *Neglect can occur at all levels, not just basic needs. All needs are important. *Child care professionals need to be aware of the family circumstances to understand what needs are being met at home. Signup and view all the answers

What are some hints that will help you remember Maslow's theory?

*If you close the 'M' at the bottom, it will form triangles or pyramids.*Maslow studies human needs.*What motivates children to act the way they do? Needs being met. Signup and view all the answers

Do the lower levels of needs have to be met before higher needs can be accomplished?

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Successfully meeting the needs at each level results in what?

Fulfilling one's life with purpose and meaning. Signup and view all the answers

Erik Erikson developed what?

He developed eight psychosocial stages through which humans develop throughout their entire lifetime. Signup and view all the answers

How is Erik Erikson recognized?

As a development psychologist who can be compared to Sigmund Freud because of his theory that humans develop in stages. Signup and view all the answers

What are each of Erikson's stages called?

Conflicts. Signup and view all the answers

Moving successfully through each of Erikson's stages results in what?

A strong social and emotional life. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented at?

Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth to 1 year). Signup and view all the answers

What is the second conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented?

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1 to 3 years). Signup and view all the answers

What is the third conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented?

Initiative vs. Guilt (4 to 5 years). Signup and view all the answers

What is the fourth conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented?

Industry vs. Inferiority (6 to 12 years). Signup and view all the answers

Why don't we study Erikson's Conflicts 5-8?

They are important in the study of human development, but they are less significant in child development because Erikson believes that they occur after the age of 12. Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of Trust vs. Mistrust?

*Trust is developed over time by providing an infant with a consistent, comforting environment.*When needs are met, trust is established.*Trust builds an emotional foundation.*A lack of trust can result in poor emotional stability. Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt?

*Toddlers need to explore their own bodies and environment in order to become confident about themselves.*When autonomy is allowed a person can become comfortable with his/her choices.*A lack of autonomy can result in a feeling of shame. Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Child Development Theories

A theory is a set of facts or principles analyzed to explain observable phenomena.

Creating a Positive Environment

Key strategies for fostering a positive environment include ensuring ample space for movement, reducing transitions, and providing a safe atmosphere.
Activities should challenge children appropriately and promote development without causing frustration.

Abraham Maslow and His Contributions

Developed the hierarchy of human needs, consisting of five levels.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Levels encompass:
- Physical
- Comfort and Safety
- Social
- Self-Esteem
- Self-Actualizing

Physical Needs Examples

Essential for survival include air, shelter, water, food, clothing, and health care.

Comfort and Safety Needs Examples

Include feelings of safety, security, stability, safe transportation, and trusted relationships.

Self-Esteem Examples

Represented by feelings of adequacy, confidence, importance, capability, and resilience.

Self-Actualization Examples

Involves fulfilling one’s life purpose, achieving personal growth, and enhancing interpersonal skills.

Implications for Child Care Professionals

Understanding that basic needs must be met for self-worth, neglect can affect all need levels, and awareness of family circumstances is vital for effective care.

Memory Aids for Maslow's Theory

Visualizing a closed "M" forming triangles or pyramids and recognizing the motivating factors behind children's actions.

Hierarchical Needs Causation

Lower-level needs must be satisfied before progressing to higher levels, leading to fulfillment and purpose.

Erik Erikson's Theory

Developed eight psychosocial stages called the Eight Conflicts in Emotional Development relevant throughout a person’s lifespan.

Recognition of Erikson

A development psychologist compared to Freud, emphasizing stage-based human development.

Erikson's Stages

Each stage represents a specific conflict that must be resolved for healthy emotional and social growth.

Outcomes of Successful Resolution

Successfully moving through Erikson's conflicts results in a robust social and emotional life.

Erikson's Initial Conflicts

Trust vs. Mistrust: From birth to 1 year, establishing trust through a comforting environment.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt: From 1 to 3 years, promoting exploration and confidence in choices.
Initiative vs. Guilt: From 4 to 5 years, fostering initiative without fear of guilt.
Industry vs. Inferiority: From 6 to 12 years, encouraging competence and achievement.

Erikson's Later Conflicts

Conflicts 5-8 are acknowledged but less significant in child development, as they occur after age 12.

Understanding Trust vs. Mistrust

Trust develops through consistent care; a lack can lead to poor emotional stability.

Understanding Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Exploration fosters confidence; restriction can result in shame and self-doubt.

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