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Questions and Answers
What is a theory?
A set of facts or principles analyzed in relation to one another and used to explain phenomena.
How do you create a positive environment for children in your care?
*Ensure learning centers have ample space for movement.*Reduce the number of transitions throughout the day.*Ensure the environment feels safe for the child.*Provide activities that are slightly challenging to the child.*Provide activities to increase development without causing frustration.
Abraham Maslow developed what?
The hierarchy of human needs.
How many levels does Maslow's hierarchy have?
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What are the 5 levels of Maslow's hierarchy?
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What are examples of a Physical need?
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What are examples of Comfort and Safety?
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What are some examples of Self-Esteem?
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What are some examples of Self-Actualizing?
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What does the hierarchy of needs mean to you as a child care professional?
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What are some hints that will help you remember Maslow's theory?
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Do the lower levels of needs have to be met before higher needs can be accomplished?
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Successfully meeting the needs at each level results in what?
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Erik Erikson developed what?
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How is Erik Erikson recognized?
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What are each of Erikson's stages called?
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Moving successfully through each of Erikson's stages results in what?
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What is the first conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented at?
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What is the second conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented?
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What is the third conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented?
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What is the fourth conflict in Erikson's theory and the age that it is presented?
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Why don't we study Erikson's Conflicts 5-8?
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What is the meaning of Trust vs. Mistrust?
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What is the meaning of Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt?
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Study Notes
Child Development Theories
- A theory is a set of facts or principles analyzed to explain observable phenomena.
Creating a Positive Environment
- Key strategies for fostering a positive environment include ensuring ample space for movement, reducing transitions, and providing a safe atmosphere.
- Activities should challenge children appropriately and promote development without causing frustration.
Abraham Maslow and His Contributions
- Developed the hierarchy of human needs, consisting of five levels.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
- Levels encompass:
- Physical
- Comfort and Safety
- Social
- Self-Esteem
- Self-Actualizing
Physical Needs Examples
- Essential for survival include air, shelter, water, food, clothing, and health care.
Comfort and Safety Needs Examples
- Include feelings of safety, security, stability, safe transportation, and trusted relationships.
Self-Esteem Examples
- Represented by feelings of adequacy, confidence, importance, capability, and resilience.
Self-Actualization Examples
- Involves fulfilling one’s life purpose, achieving personal growth, and enhancing interpersonal skills.
Implications for Child Care Professionals
- Understanding that basic needs must be met for self-worth, neglect can affect all need levels, and awareness of family circumstances is vital for effective care.
Memory Aids for Maslow's Theory
- Visualizing a closed "M" forming triangles or pyramids and recognizing the motivating factors behind children's actions.
Hierarchical Needs Causation
- Lower-level needs must be satisfied before progressing to higher levels, leading to fulfillment and purpose.
Erik Erikson's Theory
- Developed eight psychosocial stages called the Eight Conflicts in Emotional Development relevant throughout a person’s lifespan.
Recognition of Erikson
- A development psychologist compared to Freud, emphasizing stage-based human development.
Erikson's Stages
- Each stage represents a specific conflict that must be resolved for healthy emotional and social growth.
Outcomes of Successful Resolution
- Successfully moving through Erikson's conflicts results in a robust social and emotional life.
Erikson's Initial Conflicts
- Trust vs. Mistrust: From birth to 1 year, establishing trust through a comforting environment.
- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt: From 1 to 3 years, promoting exploration and confidence in choices.
- Initiative vs. Guilt: From 4 to 5 years, fostering initiative without fear of guilt.
- Industry vs. Inferiority: From 6 to 12 years, encouraging competence and achievement.
Erikson's Later Conflicts
- Conflicts 5-8 are acknowledged but less significant in child development, as they occur after age 12.
Understanding Trust vs. Mistrust
- Trust develops through consistent care; a lack can lead to poor emotional stability.
Understanding Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
- Exploration fosters confidence; restriction can result in shame and self-doubt.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from the DCF childcare training courses. Each card presents important theories and practical strategies for creating a positive environment for children. Perfect for those preparing to work in childcare settings.