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Questions and Answers
What is the typical regulation of integrated circuit regulators?
What is the typical regulation of integrated circuit regulators?
- Between 1% and 5%
- Less than 1% (correct)
- Between 5% and 10%
- Between 10% and 20%
What is the function of capacitor C1 in a voltage doubler circuit?
What is the function of capacitor C1 in a voltage doubler circuit?
- To regulate the output voltage
- To increase the output current
- To charge to the positive peak secondary voltage (correct)
- To filter out the AC component
What can be deduced from the load test data of the d.c. power supply?
What can be deduced from the load test data of the d.c. power supply?
- The power supply has a high voltage regulation
- The power supply has a low output resistance
- The power supply has a high current capacity
- The power supply has a high output resistance (correct)
What is the purpose of a ripple filter in a power supply circuit?
What is the purpose of a ripple filter in a power supply circuit?
What is the output voltage of a voltage tripler?
What is the output voltage of a voltage tripler?
What is the function of a Zener diode in a voltage regulator circuit?
What is the function of a Zener diode in a voltage regulator circuit?
What is the equivalent output resistance of the power supply calculated from?
What is the equivalent output resistance of the power supply calculated from?
What is the purpose of a voltage doubler circuit?
What is the purpose of a voltage doubler circuit?
What is the turns ratio of the step-down transformer T1?
What is the turns ratio of the step-down transformer T1?
During positive half-cycles, which diodes allow conduction in the bridge rectifier circuit?
During positive half-cycles, which diodes allow conduction in the bridge rectifier circuit?
What is the approximate peak output voltage of the bridge rectifier circuit?
What is the approximate peak output voltage of the bridge rectifier circuit?
What is the purpose of the reservoir capacitor C1 in the bridge rectifier circuit?
What is the purpose of the reservoir capacitor C1 in the bridge rectifier circuit?
During negative half-cycles, which point is positive with respect to the other?
During negative half-cycles, which point is positive with respect to the other?
What is the advantage of using a bridge rectifier circuit over other rectifier circuits?
What is the advantage of using a bridge rectifier circuit over other rectifier circuits?
What is the voltage drop across each diode in the bridge rectifier circuit?
What is the voltage drop across each diode in the bridge rectifier circuit?
What is the approximate r.m.s. voltage output of the secondary winding of transformer T1?
What is the approximate r.m.s. voltage output of the secondary winding of transformer T1?
What is the primary function of a reservoir capacitor in a DC power supply?
What is the primary function of a reservoir capacitor in a DC power supply?
What type of rectifier uses four diodes and operates in both positive and negative half cycles?
What type of rectifier uses four diodes and operates in both positive and negative half cycles?
What device is commonly used to regulate the output voltage in a DC power supply?
What device is commonly used to regulate the output voltage in a DC power supply?
What is the purpose of a step-down transformer in a DC power supply?
What is the purpose of a step-down transformer in a DC power supply?
What is the relationship between Vrms and Vpeak?
What is the relationship between Vrms and Vpeak?
What is the function of a Zener diode in a voltage regulator circuit?
What is the function of a Zener diode in a voltage regulator circuit?
What type of rectifier uses a single diode and operates on only either positive or negative half-cycles of the supply?
What type of rectifier uses a single diode and operates on only either positive or negative half-cycles of the supply?
What is the purpose of a stabilizing circuit in a DC power supply?
What is the purpose of a stabilizing circuit in a DC power supply?
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Study Notes
DC Power Supply
- More sophisticated circuits based on discrete components produce values of between 1% and 5% and integrated circuit regulators often provide values of 1% or less.
Load Test and Regulation Test
- Load test: Output voltage (no-load) = 12 V, Output voltage (2 A load current) = 11.5 V
- Regulation test: Output voltage (mains input, 220 V) = 12 V, Output voltage (mains input, 200 V) = 11.9 V
Voltage Doubler
- Increases the output of a simple half-wave rectifier
- C1 charges to the positive peak secondary voltage while C2 charges to the negative peak secondary voltage
- The resulting output voltage is twice that produced by one diode alone
Voltage Tripler
- Operation is similar to a voltage doubler, but with an additional capacitor and diode
DC Power Supply
- A DC power supply consists of an iron-cored step-down transformer, a rectifier arrangement, a high-value reservoir capacitor, and a stabilizing circuit
- The stabilizing circuit provides a constant output voltage
Rectifiers
- A rectifier is a device that converts alternating current (ac) to direct current (dc)
- Types of rectifiers: Half-wave rectifier, Full-wave rectifier, Bridge rectifier
- Semiconductor diodes are commonly used as rectifiers
Half-Wave Rectifier
- Uses a single diode and operates on only either positive or negative half-cycles of the supply
- The secondary of the step-down transformer provides a reduced voltage to the rectifier circuit
- The diode is forward biased during each positive half-cycle and reverse biased during each negative half-cycle
Full-Wave Rectifier
- Uses two diodes with a centre tap transformer and operates in both positive and negative half-cycles
Bridge Rectifier
- Uses four diodes and operates in both positive and negative half-cycles
- On positive half-cycles, two diodes conduct while the other two do not conduct
- On negative half-cycles, the opposite two diodes conduct while the other two do not conduct
Voltage and Current
- Vrms – Root mean square voltage
- Vm (= Vpeak) – peak voltage
- Vavg (= Vdc) – Average voltage
Bridge Rectifier with Reservoir Capacitor
- A reservoir capacitor can be added to maintain the output voltage when the diodes are not conducting
- The capacitor charges to approximately 16.3 V at the peak of the positive half-cycle and holds the voltage at this level when the diodes are in their non-conducting states
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