32 Questions
What is a transaction in a DBMS?
A logical unit of processing involving both read and write operations
Which type of system requires high availability and fast response time?
Transaction processing systems
In which type of DBMS can many users access the system concurrently?
Multiuser DBMS
What does multiprogramming allow the operating system to do?
Execute multiple processes concurrently
Which type of processing involves executing commands from one process, then suspending that process and executing commands from another process?
Interleaved processing
What does parallel processing involve?
Executing commands from multiple processes simultaneously
What do you call an executing program that forms a logical unit of database processing?
Transaction
Which statement specifies the boundaries of a transaction?
Begin and end transaction statements
What is the size of a data item called?
Granularity
What operation reads a database item named X into a program variable named X?
read_item(X)
Which operation writes the value of program variable X into the database item named X?
write_item(X)
What is the set of all items read by a transaction called?
Read set
When does a transaction enter into an active state?
When the execution process begins
What state does a transaction go into after the end of a transaction?
Partially Committed
When is a transaction considered failed?
When any one of the checks fails or if the transaction is aborted while it is in the active state.
What must the system keep track of during a transaction?
When each transaction starts, terminates, commits, and/or aborts.
In a multiprogramming system, what does the operating system do?
It executes multiple processes concurrently
What is the primary requirement of transaction processing systems with large databases and hundreds of concurrent users?
High availability
What is the distinguishing feature of a single-user DBMS?
It allows only one user to access the database at a time
What does a transaction in a DBMS entail?
One or more database access operations
What is the purpose of parallel processing in a transaction processing system?
To reduce resource contention
Which type of DBMS allows many users to access the system (database) concurrently?
Multiuser DBMS
What is the primary purpose of the BEGIN_TRANSACTION statement in a transaction processing system?
To mark the start of a new transaction and begin the execution process
In a transaction processing system, what does the READ or WRITE operation signify?
The execution of read or write operations within a transaction
Which state does a transaction enter when it has already completed its execution successfully and all of its changes are recorded to the database permanently?
Committed State
What occurs when a transaction is aborted while it is in the active state or if any checks fail?
The transaction enters the Failed State
In a transaction processing system, what is the set of all items written by a transaction referred to as?
Write set of a transaction
What does the ROLLBACK (or ABORT) statement signify in a transaction processing system?
The rollback or abort of a transaction and its related changes
When does a transaction reach the Terminated State in a transaction processing system?
When certain conditions cause the transaction to leave failed state
In a database system, what is the size of a data item called?
Granularity
Which statement specifies the boundaries of a transaction in a database system?
END_TRANSACTION
What does the BEGIN_TRANSACTION statement signify in a database system?
To mark the start of a new transaction and begin the execution process
Study Notes
Database Management System (DBMS)
- A transaction in a DBMS is an executing program that forms a logical unit of database processing.
- It entails a series of operations, including reading, writing, and committing or rolling back changes.
Transaction Processing Systems
- High availability and fast response time are required in transaction processing systems.
- These systems involve executing multiple transactions concurrently, with many users accessing the system simultaneously.
- The primary requirement of transaction processing systems is to handle large databases and hundreds of concurrent users.
Multiprogramming and Parallel Processing
- Multiprogramming allows the operating system to interleave the execution of multiple programs.
- It enables the operating system to switch between processes, executing commands from one process, then suspending it and executing commands from another.
- Parallel processing involves executing multiple tasks simultaneously, improving the overall processing speed.
Transaction States
- A transaction enters into an active state when it begins execution.
- When a transaction completes its execution successfully, it enters the Committed State.
- If a transaction fails or aborts, it enters the Aborted State.
- A transaction reaches the Terminated State when it has completed its execution, either successfully or unsuccessfully.
Transaction Operations
- The BEGIN TRANSACTION statement specifies the boundaries of a transaction.
- The READ operation reads a database item into a program variable.
- The WRITE operation writes the value of a program variable into the database item.
- The COMMIT statement signifies the successful completion of a transaction, recording its changes to the database permanently.
- The ROLLBACK (or ABORT) statement signifies the failure of a transaction, reverting its changes.
Database Items
- The size of a data item is called its granularity.
- The set of all items read by a transaction is called its read set.
- The set of all items written by a transaction is called its write set.
Test your knowledge of transaction processing concepts and theory, as outlined in Chapter 20 of the 'Fundamentals of Database Systems' Seventh Edition. Understand the importance of transactions, their components, and their role in ensuring data integrity and consistency.
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