Database Security Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary objective of database security?

  • To enhance the speed of database queries
  • To reduce the cost of data management
  • To maintain confidentiality, availability, and integrity of the database (correct)
  • To limit user access to the database

Which function does a firewall serve in database security?

  • Backing up data for recovery purposes
  • Acting as a separator or restrictor of network traffic (correct)
  • Authenticating users accessing the database
  • Encrypting sensitive data for secure storage

What does authentication in the context of database security entail?

  • Verifying the identity of a user through a secure process (correct)
  • Allowing users to modify data within the database
  • Monitoring database activity for suspicious behavior
  • Encrypting all data in the database

Which of the following best defines data encryption?

<p>The act of transforming data into a secure code to prevent unauthorized access (B)</p>
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What is the purpose of threat detection in database security?

<p>To identify potential security threats through unusual activity (A)</p>
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Why is physical security important for databases?

<p>It safeguards servers and hardware from unauthorized access (C)</p>
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What could be a consequence of failing to implement effective database security measures?

<p>Revenue loss and damage to business reputation (B)</p>
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Which of the following actions is associated with the concept of authorization within databases?

<p>Restricting users from accessing sensitive data based on roles (C)</p>
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Which of the following databases is known for being a public domain database engine?

<p>SQLite (C)</p>
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What is the latest release version of Elasticsearch mentioned?

<p>8.7 (C)</p>
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Which of the following license types applies to Microsoft SQL Server?

<p>Proprietary (C)</p>
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Who is the original author of Elasticsearch?

<p>Shay Banon (D)</p>
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What programming languages are mentioned as those used for operating systems in the content?

<p>C++, JavaScript, and Python (D)</p>
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What is the license type for MariaDB?

<p>GPL version 2 (B)</p>
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Which database management system is known for being an open source, document-oriented system?

<p>MongoDB (A)</p>
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Which operating systems does Oracle DBMS support?

<p>AIX, BS2000, HP-UX, Linux, MacOS, and Windows (B)</p>
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What is the latest release version of PostgreSQL mentioned?

<p>PostgreSQL 15.2 (A)</p>
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Which is NOT a category of Microsoft SQL Server editions?

<p>Community (C)</p>
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Who is the current lead developer and CTO of MariaDB?

<p>Michael Widenius (C)</p>
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Which company develops Microsoft SQL Server?

<p>Microsoft (D)</p>
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Which of the following databases is commonly used for online transaction processing (OLTP)?

<p>Oracle DBMS (B)</p>
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What primary functionality does a Database Management System (DBMS) provide?

<p>It enables users to create, update, and delete data. (B)</p>
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Which of the following is NOT a purpose of a Database Management System (DBMS)?

<p>Random data deletion (D)</p>
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What feature of a DBMS ensures that multiple users can access data simultaneously without conflicts?

<p>Concurrent access and data sharing (B)</p>
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Which of the following is an example of a popular relational database management system?

<p>MySQL (C)</p>
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What is meant by data integrity in the context of a Database Management System?

<p>The accuracy and consistency of data over its lifecycle. (B)</p>
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How does a DBMS assist with backup and recovery?

<p>It provides a framework for easily backing up and restoring data when needed. (B)</p>
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What type of license does MySQL operate under?

<p>GNU General Public License version 2 and proprietary (C)</p>
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What is one major benefit of data security provided by a DBMS?

<p>Encryption of sensitive information for protection. (B)</p>
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Flashcards

Database Security

Processes, tools, and controls that protect databases from threats, ensuring confidentiality, availability, and integrity of data.

Firewalls (in Database Security)

First line of defense, controlling network traffic to restrict unauthorized access to a database.

Authentication

Verifying a user's identity by confirming their correct user ID and password.

Authorization

Granting access rights to specific database objects and operations; controlling what users can do with the data.

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Threat Detection

Identifying unusual database activities to spot potential security threats.

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Information Protection

Strategies to safeguard sensitive data from unauthorized access, loss, or damage.

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Data Encryption

Changing data into a coded format to prevent unauthorized access.

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Database Backup & Recovery

Creating copies of data and procedures to restore it in case of loss or damage.

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Physical Security

Protecting physical assets like servers, through access controls and surveillance, to prevent unauthorized access.

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Data Theft

Illegally taking data from a database.

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Damage to Business & Reputation

Negative impact on a business due to data breaches, like customer distrust.

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DBMS

Application software to manage data, let users create, update, and delete databases.

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Database Purpose

Organizing, securing, and efficiently managing data of large volumes; provides backup and recovery for data integrity and concurrent access.

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Data Organization

Systematic and efficient arrangement of data.

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Data Security

Protecting data through password protection, encryption, and access controls.

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Data Integrity

Ensuring data accuracy and consistency throughout its lifecycle.

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Backup and Recovery

Creating data copies and procedures to restore it in cases of loss or damage.

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Concurrency

Multiple users accessing and editing data at the same time without conflicts.

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Relational DBMS

Database management system that organizes data into tables with relationships between them.

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MySQL

Free, open-source Relational Database Management System.

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MariaDB

A free, open-source relational database management system (RDBMS).

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Microsoft SQL Server

A commercial relational database management system (RDBMS).

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Oracle DBMS

A commercial multi-model database management system (DBMS).

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PostgreSQL

A free, open-source relational database management system (RDBMS).

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MongoDB

An open-source, NoSQL, document-oriented database management system.

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FreeBSD

An operating system based on Unix.

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Linux

An open-source operating system.

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macOS

Operating system for Apple computers.

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Windows

A commercial operating system.

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IBM DB2

Database management system by IBM.

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Elasticsearch

Distributed search engine.

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SQLite

Embedded database engine.

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Microsoft SQL Server

Commercial relational database system.

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C++

Programming language.

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JavaScript

Programming language.

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Python

Programming language

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Study Notes

Database Security Overview

  • Database security involves processes, tools, and controls designed to protect databases from accidental and intentional threats.
  • The goal is to safeguard sensitive data, maintaining confidentiality, availability, and integrity of the database.

Types of Database Security

  • Information protection: Strategies and practices safeguarding sensitive data.
  • Network security: Protecting databases from unauthorized network access.
  • SQL management: Controls over database-query language.

Firewalls

  • Firewalls act as the first line of defense.
  • They logically separate and restrict network traffic.
  • Customizable to enforce organizational data security policies.

Authentication

  • Authentication verifies a user's identity.
  • Users prove their identity by providing correct user IDs and passwords.

Authorization

  • Allows users specific access to data objects and database operations.
  • Users can read but not modify or delete data, modify but not delete data, or delete data, depending on their assigned role.

Threat Detection

  • Identifies anomalous database activities indicating potential security threats.
  • Reports suspicious events to administrators.

Data Encryption

  • Converts data into a coded format to prevent unauthorized access.

Database Backup and Recovery

  • Creates data copies to restore in case of loss or corruption.

Physical Security

  • Protects physical assets like servers through access controls and surveillance.

Importance of Database Security

  • Data Theft: Databases are prime targets for cyberattacks due to valuable, sensitive information stored, like customer records, credit card, bank account, and personal identification numbers.
  • Damage to Business and Brand Reputation: Companies with poor database security face customer hesitation to do business, damage to reputation, decline in sales, and customer churn.
  • Revenue Loss: Data breaches can halt or slow business operations and revenue generation until the issue is resolved.
  • Increased Costs: Data breaches incur millions of dollars in expenses, including legal fees, assisting victims, recovering data, potentially paying ransomware fees to hackers.
  • Data Breach Violation Penalties: State and local agencies may impose fines and, in some cases, require compensation for customers when data is not protected.

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