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Questions and Answers
What are the fundamental data security requirements?
What is authentication?
Authentication verifies the user’s identity.
Strong authentication includes only passwords.
False
What does authorisation primarily include?
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What is auditing in database security?
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What command is used to create a database user account in SQL*Plus?
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What is a profile in database security?
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What is the syntax to create a profile?
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Object privileges can be granted along with system privileges in the same GRANT statement.
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The default name for the temporary tablespace is ___ if not explicitly assigned.
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How can privileges be revoked from a user?
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What is the purpose of allocating roles in database user management?
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Which of the following is a predefined role in Oracle Database?
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Study Notes
Database Security Principles
- Key principles of database security include Authentication, Authorisation, and Auditing (AAA).
- Fundamental security requirements are confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Authentication Methods
- Authentication verifies user identity and can be classified into three types:
- Something you know: Password
- Something you are: Biometric data
- Something you have: Smart cards
- Basic authentication methods include using a password or operating system identification.
- Strong authentication involves additional measures such as biometric verification or certificates.
Authorisation Processes
- Authorisation grants users permissions and sets limitations on access.
- Limitations can be placed on database objects (schemas, tables, rows) or resources (CPU, idle time).
Auditing
- Auditing involves monitoring and recording specific database actions, identifiable by SQL statements or combinations of user name, application, and time.
- It provides insights into both successful and failed activities but increases the workload on the database.
Database User Accounts
- Each user account comprises:
- Unique username, authentication method, default tablespace, temporary tablespace, tablespace quota, and user profile.
User Creation in SQL*Plus
- Use
CREATE USERSQL statement to create a user account, requiringCREATE USERsystem privilege typically held by administrators.
Tablespaces
- Users need a default tablespace for object storage, ideally set to "USERS" instead of "SYSTEM" to avoid issues.
- Tablespace quota can be assigned to limit storage use by users.
User Profiles
- A profile is a set of resource limits and password security features managing user database access.
- Syntax for creating a profile includes resource and password parameters to regulate usage limits.
Profile Enforcement
- Profiles can only be assigned to users, not other profiles, and are enforced when resource limits are enabled in the database.
User Authorisation
- Authorisation defines allowed access to objects, privileges, and resources, limited by a user-specific profile.
- Privileges are classified into system and object privileges, controlling DDL and DML operations, respectively.
Granting Privileges
- Privileges can be granted using
GRANTstatement, either with or without ADMIN OPTION, to share privileges with other users.
Revoking Privileges
- Privileges revoked only if granted with ADMIN OPTION, using
REVOKEsyntax, which also allows for cascading revokes.
Object Privileges
- Object privileges vary by object type, with owners having all privileges on their objects and the ability to grant selected privileges to others.
Roles in Database Security
- Roles simplify privilege management by grouping related privileges and allowing the assignment of multiple privileges at once.
- Common predefined roles include:
- CONNECT: Allows connection to the database.
- RESOURCE: Enables creation and modification of schema objects.
- DBA: Grants administrative functions, excluding database instance management.
Managing Roles
- Roles can be created, assigned privileges, and allocated to users or other roles, facilitating hierarchical privilege structures.
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Description
This quiz covers database security principles, creating and managing database user accounts, profiles, and authorization implementation.
