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Questions and Answers
What is the main objective of database programming discussed in the text?
In database operations, why are application programs preferred over interactive interfaces?
What is the purpose of tiered system architectures in networked environments?
What is the primary difference between two-tier and three-tier architectures?
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In a three-tier architecture, where is the application logic separated from?
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What is responsible for data storage and retrieval from physical storage devices associated with the application?
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Where is the database API interface present in a two-tiered client-server architecture with a fat client?
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What are the basic steps for accessing a database from an application via Database API?
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In a tiered DBMS system, what is the primary function of client applications?
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What is one of the benefits of using a Database API according to the text?
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Study Notes
Database Programming
- Objective: Access a database from an application program instead of interactive interfaces.
- Reason: Interactive interfaces are convenient but not sufficient for majority of database operations made through application programs.
Tiered System Architectures
- Tiered system architectures operate in networked environments.
- Goal: Decouple centralized server setup by combining computing capabilities of powerful central computers with flexibility of PCs.
- Variants: two-, three-, or n-tier architectures depending on the placement of application logic.
Two-tier Client and Server Architecture
- Processing of an application distributed between front-end clients and back-end servers.
- Client: Workstation (usually a PC) that requests and uses a service.
- Server: Computer (PC/mini/mainframe) that provides a service.
Three-tier Architecture
- Decouples application logic from application program and DBMS, and puts it in a separate layer (application server).
- Application server may consist of multiple physical, distributed machines.
Application Logic Components
- Processing (Application) Logic: Data processing logic, business rules logic, data management logic.
- Storage Logic: Data storage/retrieval.
- Presentation Logic: Input–keyboard/mouse, output–monitor/printer, graphical user interface (GUI).
Database API
- In a tiered DBMS system architecture, clients query database servers and receive results, and database server receives calls made by clients.
- Client applications use a specific API provided by the DBMS to access and query a DBMS.
- Database API exposes an interface through which client applications can access and query a DBMS.
Using Databases via Database API
- Steps to access a database from an application:
- Open a connection to a database.
- Send a database operation (query, update, insert, delete) to the database.
- Process the results of the query if the operation is for query.
- Repeat steps 2–3 as necessary.
- Close the connection to the database.
Benefits of Database API
- Hides network-related aspects, enabling clients to access a DBMS as if it were local.
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Description
Learn about accessing a database from an application program and why it is important. Explore how majority of database operations are done through application programs, especially via web applications, allowing for complex computational processing of data and specialized user interfaces.
