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Questions and Answers
What is the main goal of database normalization?
What is the main goal of database normalization?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Second Normal Form (2NF)?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Second Normal Form (2NF)?
What does Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) ensure?
What does Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) ensure?
Which normal form addresses multi-valued dependencies?
Which normal form addresses multi-valued dependencies?
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What is a potential drawback of over-normalization?
What is a potential drawback of over-normalization?
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Study Notes
Database Normalization
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Definition:
- The process of organizing a database to minimize redundancy and dependency by dividing large tables into smaller, related tables.
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Goals:
- Eliminate redundant data.
- Ensure data dependencies make sense (i.e., only storing related data in a table).
- Enhance data integrity and consistency.
-
Normalization Forms:
-
First Normal Form (1NF):
- Ensures each column contains atomic values (no repeating groups or arrays).
- Each entry in a column must be of the same data type.
-
Second Normal Form (2NF):
- Builds on 1NF by removing subsets of data that apply to multiple rows and creating separate tables for them.
- All non-key attributes must depend on the whole primary key (not just part of it).
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Third Normal Form (3NF):
- Builds on 2NF and removes transitive dependencies (where a non-key attribute depends on another non-key attribute).
- Non-key attributes must depend only on the primary key.
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Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF):
- A stricter version of 3NF.
- Every determinant must be a candidate key.
-
Fourth Normal Form (4NF):
- Addresses multi-valued dependencies.
- Ensures no table contains two or more independent multi-valued data describing the same entity.
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Fifth Normal Form (5NF):
- Deals with cases when information can be split into multiple tables without losing information.
- Ensures that all facts can be reconstructed from smaller pieces.
-
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Benefits:
- Reduces data redundancy.
- Improves data integrity.
- Enhances query performance and efficiency.
- Simplifies data maintenance and updating.
-
Considerations:
- Over-normalization can lead to complex queries and may impact performance.
- Balance between normalization for data integrity and denormalization for performance.
Database Normalization
- Definition: Organizing a database to minimize redundancy and dependency by dividing large tables into smaller, related tables.
-
Goals:
- Eliminate redundant data.
- Ensure data dependencies make sense by storing related data in a table.
- Enhance data integrity and consistency.
Normalization Forms
-
First Normal Form (1NF):
- Columns contain atomic values (no repeating groups or arrays).
- Each entry in a column has the same data type.
-
Second Normal Form (2NF):
- Builds on 1NF by removing subsets of data that apply to multiple rows, creating separate tables.
- All non-key attributes depend on the whole primary key (not just part of it).
-
Third Normal Form (3NF):
- Builds on 2NF.
- Removes transitive dependencies, where a non-key attribute depends on another non-key attribute.
- Non-key attributes must depend only on the primary key.
-
Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF):
- A stricter version of 3NF.
- Every determinant must be a candidate key.
-
Fourth Normal Form (4NF):
- Addresses multi-valued dependencies.
- Ensures no table contains two or more independent multi-valued data describing the same entity.
-
Fifth Normal Form (5NF):
- Deals with cases where information can be split into multiple tables without losing information.
- Ensures that all facts can be reconstructed from smaller pieces.
Benefits
- Reduces data redundancy.
- Improves data integrity.
- Enhances query performance and efficiency.
- Simplifies data maintenance and updating.
Considerations
- Over-normalization can lead to complex queries and impact performance.
- Balance between normalization for data integrity and denormalization for performance.
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Description
This quiz covers the concept of database normalization, focusing on its definition, goals, and the three normalization forms: 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF. Understand how to minimize redundancy and ensure data integrity in database design.