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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of the OUT parameter in a PL/SQL procedure?
What is the primary purpose of the OUT parameter in a PL/SQL procedure?
Which of the following statements accurately describes an IN OUT parameter in a PL/SQL procedure?
Which of the following statements accurately describes an IN OUT parameter in a PL/SQL procedure?
What would be the correct command to drop a PL/SQL procedure named Sum_ab?
What would be the correct command to drop a PL/SQL procedure named Sum_ab?
In a PL/SQL procedure, what does the statement 'DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('N is ' || N);' do?
In a PL/SQL procedure, what does the statement 'DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('N is ' || N);' do?
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Which of the following procedures will successfully double the value of an integer parameter?
Which of the following procedures will successfully double the value of an integer parameter?
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Study Notes
Procedural Language SQL
- PL/SQL allows for the creation of procedures to perform specific tasks, such as printing output to the screen.
Creating a Simple Procedure
- A basic example is the procedure to print "hello World":
- Code snippet:
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE PrintH IS BEGIN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('hello World'); END;
- Code snippet:
Parameters in Procedures
- Parameters are optional and can be declared similarly to variables.
- Example:
(X INT)defines an integer parameter.
- Example:
Displaying Parameter Value
- To display the value of an integer parameter, a procedure can be defined as follows:
- Code snippet:
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE DISPN(N INT) IS BEGIN DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('N is ' || N); END;
- Code snippet:
Types of Parameters
- IN, OUT, IN OUT are the types of parameters:
- IN: Default that passes data to the procedure.
- OUT: Used to retrieve data from the procedure.
- IN OUT: Reads and then modifies the parameter.
Example of OUT Parameter
- A procedure that returns the sum of two integers using an OUT parameter:
- Code snippet:
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE Sum_ab(A INT, B INT, C OUT INT) IS BEGIN C := A + B; END;
- Code snippet:
- To call this procedure within a PL/SQL program:
- Code snippet:
DECLARE X INT := &X; Y INT := &Y; Z INT; BEGIN Sum_ab(X, Y, Z); DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('the sum of ' || X || ' and ' || Y || ' is ' || Z); END;
- Code snippet:
IN OUT Parameter Example
- An example of a procedure that doubles a number:
- Code snippet:
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE DOUBLEN(N IN OUT INT) IS BEGIN N := N * 2; END;
- Code snippet:
Dropping Procedures
- Use the following format to drop a procedure:
- Code snippet:
DROP PROCEDURE procedure_name;
- Code snippet:
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of PL/SQL, focusing on how to create procedures and use parameters in your code. You'll learn how to write simple PL/SQL programs that display outputs, such as printing 'hello world' on the screen. Test your understanding of procedural language concepts in the context of database management systems.
