Database Management System Semester 1 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of user interacts with the system using a database query language?

Naive users

Sophisticated users (correct)

Specialized users

System administrators

Who is primarily responsible for the design and use of the database in an organization?

Database Administrator (correct)

Database User

Database Programmer

Data Analyst

What is the primary characteristic of a hierarchical model?

Stores data in rows and columns

Organizes data into a tree-like structure (correct)

Represents data as objects

Uses network links to connect records

Which type of user is described as having very little knowledge of the database system?

Clerk Signup and view all the answers

What does a database model define?

How data can be accessed and updated Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the commonly recognized types of database models?

Distributed Model Signup and view all the answers

What role does a DBA play concerning an organization's database?

Providing technical support and managing database phases Signup and view all the answers

Which model is best known for using a table-based format?

Relational Model Signup and view all the answers

What does physical data independence allow in a database system?

Modifying the physical storage without altering the conceptual view Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding logical data independence?

It facilitates modifications at the conceptual schema without changes in application programs. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the 3-tier architecture?

It separates user interfaces, application logic, and data storage. Signup and view all the answers

What resides at the database tier in a 3-tier architecture?

The database along with its query processing languages Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a challenge with logical data independence?

It makes it difficult to alter the external view. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of physical data independence?

It allows changes without impacting the conceptual schema. Signup and view all the answers

In which tier does the application server reside in a 3-tier architecture?

Application tier Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental aspect of data independence?

Application programs are unaffected by changes in the database structure. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'anomaly' refer to in the context of a database management system?

Inconsistency in the data pattern Signup and view all the answers

What causes anomalies to occur in a database?

Storage of all data in a single table Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an updation anomaly?

Inconsistency arising from due updates to some rows Signup and view all the answers

What process is used to remove anomalies in a database?

Normalization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can lead to reduced integrity in a database?

High levels of data redundancy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of anomaly described in the context?

Insert Anomaly Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to manage anomalies in a database?

To ensure the integrity of the database Signup and view all the answers

In a poorly constructed table, what is the primary consequence?

Increased likelihood of data anomalies Signup and view all the answers

What type of cardinality mapping is described by a student having only one student ID and vice versa?

One-to-One Signup and view all the answers

In a One-to-Many cardinality, how can you describe the relationship from set 1 to set 2?

One entity in set 1 can relate to multiple entities in set 2. Signup and view all the answers

What does Many-to-One cardinality imply in terms of relationships?

Multiple entities in set 1 can relate to one entity in set 2. Signup and view all the answers

In a Many-to-Many cardinality relationship, how are entities associated?

Multiple entities from both sets can relate to each other. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of keys in a relational database?

They are used to uniquely identify records and establish relationships. Signup and view all the answers

Which cardinality represents a relationship where one entity can relate to multiple others, but only a single entity can relate back?

Many-to-One Signup and view all the answers

How can the One-to-Many cardinality be effectively illustrated?

By showing a single doctor treating multiple patients. Signup and view all the answers

What is the notation used to represent Many-to-Many cardinality?

M:N Signup and view all the answers

What command is used to restore a database to its original state since the last COMMIT?

ROLLBACK Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about DML statements?

They can be reverted without a COMMIT. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the SAVEPOINT command?

To create a point to which a rollback can occur. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly summarizes the use of the GRANT command?

It provides users with access privileges to the database. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the COMMIT command have on a transaction?

It saves all operations made in the current transaction. Signup and view all the answers

Which SQL statement would you use to select only specific columns from a table?

SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name; Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the term TCL in database terminology?

Transaction Control Language Signup and view all the answers

Which SQL statement includes a mathematical operation on a column?

SELECT Sal, Sal * 0.1 FROM Employees; Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Relational Database Design

Anomaly refers to inconsistencies in relational tables during operations, arising from redundant data and poor table construction.
Database integrity is compromised due to anomalies, necessitating normalization to eliminate these issues.
Normalization involves splitting and joining tables to design a more efficient database structure.

Anomalies in Databases

Types of anomalies include:
- Updation/Update Anomaly: Inconsistencies during data updates; requires updating all affected rows (e.g., multiple entries for the same worker).

Data Independence

Physical Data Independence: Allows modifications to physical storage without changing the conceptual or external views; enhances performance and is easier to achieve.
Logical Data Independence: Involves changes to the conceptual schema without altering application programs; more complex to achieve.

Database System Architecture

The 3-tier architecture is widely used, consisting of:
- Database (Data) Tier: Contains the database and query processing languages.
- Application (Middle) Tier: Houses application servers that access the database.
- User (Client) Tier: Where user applications operate.

User Types

Sophisticated Users: Interact using database query languages without programming.
Specialized Users: Create specialized applications not fitting traditional data processing.
Naive Users: Have minimal database knowledge and interact using predefined application programs (e.g., bank clerks).

Database Administrator (DBA)

Controls design and utilization of the database.
Provides technical support throughout the database lifecycle (design, development, testing, operation).
Knowledge of database technology is vital; business understanding enhances effectiveness.

Data Models

Defines the logical structure of databases; the most common model is the relational model.
Types of database models include:
- Hierarchical Model: Tree-like structure with single parent-child relationships.
- Network Model: More complex relationships than hierarchical.
- Entity-Relationship Model: Represents data entities and their relationships.
- Relational Model: Uses tables for data representation.
- Object-oriented Database Model: Incorporates object-oriented programming concepts into database design.

Cardinalities

Types of cardinality relationships:
- One-to-One: Each entity in set one associates with one entity in set two.
- One-to-Many: A single entity in set one relates to multiple entities in set two (e.g., a hospital to multiple compounders).
- Many-to-One: Multiple entities in set one relate to a single entity in set two (e.g., patients to a doctor).
- Many-to-Many: Entities in both sets can relate to multiple entities in the opposite set.

Keys in Databases

Keys uniquely identify records or rows in a table and establish relationships between tables.

Transaction Control Language (TCL)

Commands include:
- GRANT: Assigns user access privileges to the database.
- REVOKE: Withdraws previously granted privileges.
- COMMIT: Saves changes made by Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements.
- ROLLBACK: Restores the database to its state since the last COMMIT.
- SAVEPOINT: Marks a point in a transaction for potential rollback.

SQL Basics

The SELECT statement retrieves records from tables. Syntax includes optional clauses for conditions, grouping, and ordering.
Example SQL queries:
- Retrieve all columns: SELECT * FROM dept;
- Select specific columns: SELECT LOC, DEPTNO FROM DEPT;
- Conditional selections: SELECT name, city FROM suppliers WHERE supplier_id > 1000;

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Description

Test your knowledge on the Database Management System for Semester 1. This quiz covers key concepts and topics from UNIT 3 of the course. Prepare to demonstrate your understanding of database theory and its practical applications.