Database Management and Distributed Systems

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Questions and Answers

What is one potential advantage of a distributed database system mentioned in the text?

Reduced contention for CPU and I/O services (correct)
Higher cost of operation
Centralized control over the entire database
Increased remote access delays

What is the purpose of breaking up a single query into several subqueries in a distributed database system?

Centralizing the data access
Increasing remote access delays
Achieving intra-query parallelism (correct)
Improving data consistency

Which factor contributes to reducing delays in a distributed database system?

Centralized database management
Increasing contention for CPU services
Wide area network usage
Localization of data (correct)

What is a key requirement for achieving parallelism in executing multiple queries in a distributed database system?

Inter-query parallelism (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which technology emergence impacted the issue of database scaling according to the text?

Microprocessor and workstation technologies (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does full replication of data contribute to ensuring mutual consistency in a distributed database system?

By maintaining multiple copies of the same data (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of pull-based delivery in data delivery alternatives?

Clients have to explicitly request data from the server. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In a distributed database system, how are processors at different sites interconnected?

By a computer network (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does D-DBMS stand for in the context of databases?

Distributed Database Management System (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which dimension is NOT part of the three orthogonal dimensions in data delivery alternatives (DDA)?

Query processing methods (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a distributed database and a collection of files?

A distributed database uses a relational data model. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of system involves the transfer of data from servers to clients initiated by a client pull?

Pull-only system (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for distributing processing in distributed computing?

To delegate various functions to different hardware or software (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a distributed application?

A cloud computing platform (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of distributed computing, what does data independence refer to?

Data being accessible from multiple processing sites (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of a Distributed Database Management System (DBMS)?

Coordinating data manipulation at multiple sites (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is distributed processing considered essential for various computer applications today?

To align with the distributed nature of organizations (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of distributed computing systems?

Autonomous elements interconnected by a network (C) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Database Management Application

Application programs interact with the DBMS, which provides description, manipulation, and control of the database.
Multiple application programs can interact with the DBMS, each with its own data semantics.

Motivation for Distributed Database Systems

Integration of database technology and computer networks leads to distribution, not centralization.
Distributed DBMS integrates data from multiple processing sites.

Distributed Computing

Autonomous processing elements, interconnected by a computer network, cooperate to perform tasks.
Distribution can be in processing logic, processing elements, functions, data, or control.

Advantages of Distributed Computing

Better fits organizational structure of today's applications.
Advantages include:
- Reduced contention for CPU and I/O services.
- Reduced remote access delays.

Parallelism Requirements

Inter-query parallelism: executing multiple queries simultaneously.
Intra-query parallelism: breaking up a single query into subqueries executed at different sites.

Data Replication

Full replication: having all required data at each site.
Issues with updates: maintaining mutual consistency and freshness of copies.

System Expansion

Database scaling: a key issue.
Emergence of microprocessor and workstation technologies.
Demise of Grosh's law.
Client-server model of computing.

Distributed DBMS Characteristics

A database, not a collection of files.
Data logically related as exhibited in users' access patterns.
Relational data model.
A full-fledged DBMS, not a remote file system or TP system.

Distributed DBMS Environment

Multiple sites connected by a communication network.
Each site may have its own DBMS.

Data Delivery

Data delivery alternatives (DDA) have three dimensions:
- Delivery modes.
- Delivery frequency.
- Communication methods.
Pull-only delivery mode: client-initiated data transfer from servers.

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