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Questions and Answers
What is the main objective of the data analysis step in the conceptual design phase?
What is the main objective of the data analysis step in the conceptual design phase?
What is the purpose of the entity relationship diagram in the conceptual design phase?
What is the purpose of the entity relationship diagram in the conceptual design phase?
What is the output of the conceptual design phase?
What is the output of the conceptual design phase?
What is the purpose of data model verification in the conceptual design phase?
What is the purpose of data model verification in the conceptual design phase?
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What is the main objective of the logical design phase?
What is the main objective of the logical design phase?
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What is the primary goal of physical design in database development?
What is the primary goal of physical design in database development?
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What is the final outcome of the physical design stage?
What is the final outcome of the physical design stage?
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Which of the following changes can be made to the database during the physical design stage?
Which of the following changes can be made to the database during the physical design stage?
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What is the purpose of denormalization in physical design?
What is the purpose of denormalization in physical design?
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How many steps are involved in the physical design process?
How many steps are involved in the physical design process?
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Study Notes
Database Design Phase
- The database design phase consists of three stages: conceptual design, logical design, and physical design.
Conceptual Design
- The conceptual design stage consists of three steps.
- Step 1: Data Analysis
- Identify the characteristics of data
- Determine what kind of information is needed
- Establish what outputs are expected
- Identify who will use the information and how it will be used
- Determine where the information will come from and how it will be extracted
- Identify the data elements needed to produce the information and their relationships
- Step 2: Entity Relationship (Conceptual Data Model)
- Define, analyze, and revise business rules
- Identify main entities and their relationships
- Define attributes, primary keys (PK), and foreign keys (FK)
- Normalize entities
- Complete and validate the initial Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD)
- The conceptual data model consists of conceptual schemas and external schemas
- Step 3: Data Model Verification
- Verify the ER model against business data requirements and constraints
- Verify the ER model against end-user data views
Logical Design
- The logical design stage translates the conceptual model into a format suitable for a specific database management system.
- The logical design has four steps:
- Map the conceptual model to logical model components
- Validate the logical model using normalization
- Validate the logical model's integrity constraints
- Validate the logical model against user requirements
Physical Design
- The physical design stage defines the data storage organization and data access characteristics of the database.
- The physical design has three steps:
- Define data storage organization
- Define integrity and security measures
- Determine performance measurements
- A final internal schema is developed in this stage.
- Changes that can be made during this stage include:
- Adding external features such as indexes and views
- Reorganizing stored data, such as clustering files
- Splitting a table into multiple tables
- Changing attributes in a table, such as substituting foreign keys
- Adding attributes to a table, creating new primary keys, and storing derived data
- Combining tables, such as in a one-to-one relationship
- Adding new tables, duplicating tables, or adding subset tables
- Denormalization, such as combining tables to improve performance
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Description
Learn about the conceptual design phase of database design, including data analysis, identifying information needs, and sources of information. Test your knowledge of database design concepts.
