Database Design and Physical Layout Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a major drawback of using file systems to store data?

  • Concurrent access by multiple users
  • Data redundancy and inconsistency (correct)
  • Atomicity of updates
  • Difficulty in accessing data

What is a benefit of using a database management system (DBMS)?

  • Data isolation
  • Uncontrolled concurrent accesses
  • Multiple file formats
  • Improved data integration and consistency (correct)

What is an example of a database application?

  • Human resources: employee records (correct)
  • Database design
  • Query optimization
  • File system management

At what level does the description of how a record is stored occur?

<p>Physical level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What problem can occur in file systems due to concurrent access?

<p>Inconsistencies due to uncontrolled concurrent accesses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of using file systems to store data?

<p>Need to write a new program to carry out each new task (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a concurrency-control manager?

<p>To ensure the consistency of the database (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor greatly influences the architecture of a database system?

<p>The underlying computer system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a relation schema?

<p>A definition of a relation, including its attributes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a database system architecture?

<p>Client-server, distributed, and parallel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a relation instance?

<p>A specific instance of a relation schema (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are responsible for managing the database?

<p>Database administrators (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern in database design?

<p>Finding a good collection of relation schemas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a database system is responsible for providing the interface between low-level data and application programs?

<p>Storage Manager (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of XML (Extensible Markup Language) according to the text?

<p>To exchange data efficiently between databases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In database design, what does the computer science decision focus on?

<p>Defining relation schemas and attribute distribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a database system manages the execution of transactions to ensure data integrity?

<p>Transaction manager (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes XML a great way to exchange data, according to the text?

<p>Creation of nested tag structures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Database Management System (DBMS)

  • A DBMS contains information about a particular enterprise, including a collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to access the data, providing a convenient and efficient environment to use.
  • DBMS is used in various applications, such as:
  • Banking: transactions
  • Airlines: reservations, schedules
  • Universities: registration, grades
  • Sales: customers, products, purchases
  • Online retailers: order tracking, customized recommendations
  • Manufacturing: production, inventory, orders, supply chain
  • Human resources: employee records, salaries, tax deductions

Drawbacks of using file systems to store data

  • Data redundancy and inconsistency due to multiple file formats and duplication of information
  • Difficulty in accessing data, requiring a new program to be written for each new task
  • Data isolation and integrity problems, making it hard to add or change constraints
  • Atomicity of updates, where failures can leave the database in an inconsistent state
  • Concurrent access by multiple users can lead to inconsistencies
  • Security problems, making it hard to provide user access to some, but not all, data

Database System Concepts

  • Database system architecture is influenced by the underlying computer system
  • Types of database architectures include:
  • Centralized
  • Client-server
  • Parallel (multi-processor)
  • Distributed

Database Users and Administrators

  • Database users include:
  • End users
  • Application programmers
  • Database administrators

Database System Internals

  • Components of a database system include:
  • Storage manager
  • Query processing
  • Transaction manager
  • Concurrency-control manager

Relation Schema and Instance

  • A relation schema defines the structure of a relation
  • A relation instance is a specific set of data satisfying the relation schema
  • Example: instructor relation schema (ID, name, dept_name, salary)

XML (Extensible Markup Language)

  • Defined by the WWW Consortium (W3C)
  • Originally intended as a document markup language, but now used for data exchange
  • Allows for specifying new tags and creating nested tag structures
  • Widely used for data interchange formats

Storage Management

  • Storage manager provides an interface between the database and application programs and queries
  • Responsible for managing data storage and retrieval

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