Database Design and Optimization
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Questions and Answers

What is the unit of measurement for water absorption in a material?

  • Percentage in weight (correct)
  • Percentage in volume (correct)
  • Pounds per square inch
  • Grams per cubic meter

    • What type of materials are impervious to water?

  • Glass, steel, and bitumen (correct)
  • Fabric materials
  • Wooden materials
  • Ceramic materials

    • What is the formula to calculate water absorption in a material?

  • Ms = M / 2
  • Ms = M (correct)
  • Ms = M / (M - 1)
  • Ms = M + 2

    • What is the effect of thermal variation on a material?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is water permeability in a material?

    <p>The capacity of a material to allow water to penetrate under pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern for solids in terms of thermal expansion?

    <p>Change along a length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors influence the water absorption of a material?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Ms in the context of water absorption?

    <p>Mass of saturated material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a constrained body when its temperature increases?

    <p>Internal stress is caused or increased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for the mass of a material?

    <p>Grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the coefficients of thermal expansion for various material families?

    <p>They vary significantly between material families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum temperature to which a material can continuously work without deteriorating?

    <p>The temperature above which it becomes unreliable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the coefficient of thermal expansion in designing materials for various applications?

    <p>It is important for understanding the material's response to temperature changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of heat capacity?

    <p>J/K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a material's temperature exceeding its maximum temperature limit?

    <p>It becomes unreliable or deforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of heat capacity as an extensive property?

    <p>It is dependent on the size of the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is heat capacity expressed as an intensive property?

    <p>By dividing it by the amount of substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a factor that influences heat capacity?

    <p>Color of the material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of heat capacity in a non-steady state?

    <p>The ability to transfer heat in a nonsteady state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is heat capacity a measure of?

    <p>The ability of a material to allow heat to diffuse through it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of material is heat capacity typically influenced by its structure?

    <p>Crystalline material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between heat capacity and the size of the system?

    <p>Heat capacity is directly proportional to the size of the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of selecting materials in production?

    <p>To select a material that is a compromise between different parameters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of materials that are selected based on a single parameter?

    <p>They are often unsatisfactory for other parameters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a technical datasheet?

    <p>To provide information about a material's properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is MATERIOTECA?

    <p>A materials collection hosted by Politecnico di Milano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conflict in selecting materials?

    <p>Finding a material that fulfills one parameter vs. finding a material that fulfills all parameters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a materials collection?

    <p>To facilitate the search and selection of materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Innovathèque?

    <p>A online database of materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge in selecting materials?

    <p>Finding a compromise between different parameters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a reference material?

    <p>To serve as a sample or catalogue of a material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of materials that are selected for buildings?

    <p>They are selected based on a compromise between different parameters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fraction of incident electromagnetic power that is reflected, according to the given definitions?

    <p>Reflectance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of materials are typically transparent?

    <p>Glasses and amorphous ceramics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of light hitting a rough surface?

    <p>Diffused reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of light that is reflected by metals?

    <p>Specular reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of materials tend to absorb light?

    <p>Metals and crystalline ceramics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of light hitting a smooth surface?

    <p>Specular reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of materials exhibit transparency due to their amorphous structure?

    <p>Glasses and amorphous ceramics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of light that is transmitted through a sample?

    <p>Transmittance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of materials tend to be matt?

    <p>Metals and most of ceramics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of light being absorbed by a material?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Material Selection

    • To minimize weight, materials with low density are preferred.
    • To minimize cost, materials with low production costs are preferred.

    Material Properties

    • Water absorption is the ability of a material to absorb and retain water, expressed as a percentage in weight or volume of dry material.
    • Water permeability is the capacity of a material to allow water to penetrate under pressure.
    • Heat capacity is an extensive property of matter, proportional to the size of the system, measured in J/K.
    • Thermal properties of materials are influenced by nature, structure, and temperature.

    Thermal Properties

    • Heat capacity is the ability of a material to conduct heat in a non-steady state.
    • Thermal conductivity measures how well a material allows heat to diffuse through it.
    • Maximum temperature is the temperature to which a material can continuously work without deteriorating.
    • Temperature below which a material becomes fragile or unreliable varies for different material families.

    Coefficients of Thermal Expansion

    • Several types of coefficients have been developed: volumetric, area, and linear.
    • For solids, the coefficient of thermal expansion is concerned with the change along a length or over some area.
    • Internal stress will be caused or increased by an increase in temperature if the body is constrained.

    Optical Properties

    • Reflectance is the fraction of incident electromagnetic power that is reflected.
    • Absorbance is the fraction of incident electromagnetic power that is absorbed.
    • Transmittance is the fraction of incident electromagnetic power that is transmitted through a sample.
    • Amorphous materials can be transparent, while glasses and amorphous ceramics are transparent.
    • Metals and most ceramics are matt, while metals reflect light.

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    Description

    This quiz covers database design principles and optimization techniques to minimize weight and cost. It includes technical datasheets and other related concepts.

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