Database Concepts and DBMS Basics

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Questions and Answers

How does a Database Management System (DBMS) primarily assist its users?

  • By providing direct access to the physical storage devices.
  • By creating independent data silos for each user.
  • By replacing the need for application programs.
  • By managing and manipulating data within a central database. (correct)

Which statement accurately describes a key property of a database?

  • It is inherently unstructured, allowing for maximum flexibility.
  • It is a temporary collection of data used for immediate processing.
  • It is independent of real-world information and serves purely computational purposes.
  • It is designed, built, and populated for a specific purpose. (correct)

What is a central function of a DBMS regarding data management?

  • Limiting data sharing to prevent unauthorized access.
  • Bypassing data security measures for faster access.
  • Managing a large, integrated collection of data. (correct)
  • Storing data in isolated environments to avoid system failures.

Which of the following is a valid example of a DBMS implementation?

<p>Oracle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of the DBMS approach regarding data redundancy?

<p>It controls data redundancy by storing each data item in only one place. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a DBMS enhance data sharing within an organization?

<p>By integrating data to produce more comprehensive information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does a DBMS play in enforcing integrity constraints?

<p>It provides capabilities to define and enforce data constraints. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a security subsystem within a DBMS?

<p>To create and manage user accounts, controlling access to the database. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a DBMS contribute to data independence?

<p>By handling data structure changes independently of applications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of DBMS, what does transaction processing ensure?

<p>Concurrent transactions that yield correct and consistent updates. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What capability does a DBMS provide regarding views of data?

<p>It allows various users to have different perspectives of the database. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a recovery subsystem in a DBMS?

<p>To restore the database to a consistent state after a failure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When compared to file processing, what does the DBMS approach offer regarding data independence?

<p>Increased data independence, separating data descriptions from applications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does a DBMS improve data administration compared to traditional file systems?

<p>It offers uniform data administration practices, improving data consistency. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key function of a DBMS in managing data?

<p>Data definition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Update' function in a DBMS primarily concerned with?

<p>Inserting, modifying, and deleting data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which choice reflects the 'Retrieval' function of a DBMS?

<p>Obtaining information for end-user queries and application processing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What activities are included in the 'Administration' function of a DBMS?

<p>Registering users, maintaining data integrity, and recovering data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a layered architecture benefit a DBMS?

<p>It addresses concurrency control and recovery considerations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk associated with adopting a database approach?

<p>The necessity for new, specialized personnel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following applications is the application of databases essential?

<p>Banking Transactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental shift justifies the importance of studying DBMS?

<p>From processing to the use of data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of a DBMS addresses the need to ensure a response to questions is fast?

<p>Questions about the data must be answered quickly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is needed if a situation requires new and specialized personnel?

<p>Database Approach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following must be considered in a layered approach?

<p>Concurrency Control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what applications are databases NOT used?

<p>Web Browsing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does data independence separate?

<p>Application programs from system data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of the DBMS approach to data management?

<p>Data Redundancy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best summarizes how data sharing is improved using a DBMS?

<p>Data sharing is enhanced through integrated data leading to better information. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For what activity would a company need a DBMS?

<p>Employee Salary Restrictions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a Database?

A shared collection of related files used to support activities, decisions, or needs.

What is a DBMS?

A collection of programs that enables users to manipulate entries within a central database.

How does DBMS control data redundancy?

DBMS controls redundancy by storing each data item in only one place.

How does DBMS allow data sharing?

DBMS allows data sharing, integrating for more information from given data.

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What are properties of a DBMS?

DBMS provides interfaces with a database and provide efficient ways to store and access information.

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Data definition in DBMS

Defining new data structures for a database or modifying existing ones.

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Update data in DBMS

Inserting, modifying, and deleting data within database.

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Retrieval function in DBMS

Retrieval involves obtaining information either for end-user queries or for processing by applications.

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Administration function in DBMS

Consists of registering/monitoring users, enforcing data security and more.

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Risks of switching to DBMS

Requires new, specialized personnel; increased installation and management cost/complexity.

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Application of Databases

Banking, Logistics, Sales, Manufacturing, Human resources, Sari-Sari Store.

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When to use a DBMS

Large collection of data, concurrent access, and data restrictions.

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Database representation

A database is a representation of some aspect of the real world or a collection of data elements representing real world information.

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Study Notes

Fundamental Database Concepts

  • A database is a shared collection of related files used to support activities, decisions, and needs of organizations and people.
  • A Database Management System (DBMS) is a collection of programs allowing users to manage a central database by storing, modifying, maintaining, reading, and controlling access to its entries.

Properties of a Database

  • Databases represent real-world aspects or collections of data elements (facts).
  • Databases are logically coherent and internally consistent.
  • Databases are designed, built, and populated with data for a specific purpose.

Properties of a DBMS

  • It provides an interface between users and databases.
  • It manages large, integrated collections of data.
  • It offers efficient ways to store and access information.
  • It secures information against system failure or tampering.
  • It enables data sharing among multiple users.

Examples of DBMS Implementations

  • IMS (hierarchical data model, IBM mainframes)
  • DB2 (relational data model, IBM mainframes)
  • CODASYL (network data model)
  • Oracle (relational data model)
  • SQL Server (relational data model)
  • MS Access (relational data model)
  • MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, SQLite
  • Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, SAP HANA
  • dBASE, FoxPro, IBM DB2, LibreOffice Base
  • FileMaker Pro, InterSystems Caché

Benefits of DBMS Approach

  • Data redundancy is controlled by storing each data item in only one place.
  • Data sharing is allowed, and the integration of data can produce more information from a given amount of data.
  • DBMSs provide capabilities to define and enforce constraints like data type and uniqueness.
  • DBMSs should provide a security subsystem to create and manage user accounts, restricting unauthorized access.
  • System data descriptions are separated from application programs.
  • Data structure changes are handled by the DBMS and are not embedded in programs, ensuring data independence.
  • DBMS allows concurrent transactions and provides concurrency control.
  • The concurrency control ensures that multiple users updating the same data do so accurately.
  • Various users can have different views of the same database.
  • DBMS has a recovery subsystem to restore the database to its state before a program started if something goes wrong.

File Processing vs DBMS Approach

  • File Processing relies on a program-data dependence whereas DBMS offers program-data independence.
  • File Processing duplicates data, while DBMS controls data duplication.
  • File Processing has incompatible files while DBMS offers uniform data administration.
  • File Processing has limited data sharing, but DBMS supports data sharing and concurrent access.
  • File Processing has lengthy development times, excessive program maintenance and fixed queries, while DBMS reduces application development time.
  • With File Processing, data integrity is questionable whereas DBMS offers data integrity and security.

Scenario for Needing a DBMS

  • When a company has a large collection of data and the data is accessed concurrently by several people, a DBMS is needed.
  • When quick answers are needed, changes must be applied consistently, and access must be restricted, a DBMS is necessary.

Functions of DBMS

  • Data definition: define new data structures, remove them, or modify existing ones.
  • Update: insert, modify, and delete data.
  • Retrieval: obtain information for end-user queries, reports, or application processing.
  • Administration: register and monitor users, enforce security, monitor performance, maintain data integrity, handle concurrency, and recover data after system failures.

Structure of a DBMS

  • A typical DBMS has a layered architecture which must consider concurrency control and recovery.
  • The layers from top to bottom are: Query Optimization and Execution, Relational Operators, Files and Access Methods, Buffer Management, then Disk Space Management.

Risks of Database Approach

  • Requires specialized personnel.
  • Incurs installation and management costs and complexity.
  • Involves conversion costs.
  • Requires explicit backup and recovery mechanisms.
  • May lead to organizational conflict.

Applications of Databases

  • Banking: all transactions
  • Logistics: deliveries, scheduling, reservations.
  • Organizations: financial, human resources, and operations management systems.
  • Sales: customers, inventories, products, purchases.
  • Manufacturing: production, orders, supply chain, inventories.
  • Human Resources: employee records, salaries, deductions, and leave credits.
  • Sari-Sari Stores: inventory, sales, customer relations, supply chain, deliveries.

Why Study DBMS

  • Shift from computation to information focus.
  • Datasets increasing in diversity and volume, including Digital Libraries, Online Inventories, Census, and Historical Events
  • DBMS encompasses most of Computer Science aspects such as OS, languages, theory, AI, multimedia, and logic.

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