Database Administration and Security

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Questions and Answers

What must be done to allow a login to access database objects?

  • The login must be mapped to a database user. (correct)
  • The login must not be connected to a SQL Server instance.
  • The login must have SQL Server Management Studio installed.
  • The login must have a direct privilege assigned.

Which command is used to provide privileges to users on database objects?

  • REVOKE
  • ALTER
  • EXECUTE
  • GRANT (correct)

What is the purpose of the REVOKE command in database security?

  • To add new privileges to an existing user.
  • To create a new user in the database.
  • To log in to the SQL Server instance.
  • To remove privileges from a specific user. (correct)

If a user is not mapped to any database user, what can they do?

<p>Connect to SQL Server but cannot access objects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of database objects can access privileges be assigned to?

<p>All database objects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be done for a user to modify data in a database?

<p>They must be granted appropriate rights in the database. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about database users and owners is correct?

<p>Every object has a single owner. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a requirement for a user to access objects in a database?

<p>They must have a mapped login to a database user. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of a Database Administrator (DBA)?

<p>Facilitating the development and use of the database (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical privilege granted to users in a database?

<p>RENAME (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'roles' refer to in the context of a database?

<p>A named collection of database access privileges (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In organizations without a Data Administrator (DA), which responsibilities are often taken over by the DBA?

<p>A mix of administrative and technical skills (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in setting up security for a database?

<p>Authentication and Authorization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options best describes the role of the Data Administrator (DA)?

<p>Oversees business and technical data needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which database object is commonly manipulated using SQL privileges?

<p>Views (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Database Administrators (DBA) generally support end-users?

<p>Monitoring distribution and use of data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a Data Administrator (DA)?

<p>Control overall corporate data resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is NOT typically the responsibility of a Database Administrator (DBA)?

<p>Establishing corporate data policies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for the protection of the database according to the roles discussed?

<p>Implementing effective security measures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts is NOT part of SQL security?

<p>Data retrieval methods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of security measures from a DBA's perspective?

<p>To prevent unauthorized access and data loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of not implementing security measures in a database management system?

<p>Loss, corruption, or mishandling of data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who builds the logical model of the database before it is implemented by the DBA?

<p>The Data Administrator (DA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which role is concerned with maintaining a successful database environment?

<p>Database Administrator (DBA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What command is used to create a new user under the myDB database?

<p>CREATE USER user1 FOR LOGIN newlogin_name (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when attempting to execute 'ALTER LOGIN newlogin_name WITH PASSWORD = Newpassword'?

<p>It displays an error due to incorrect credentials. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the purpose of roles in database management?

<p>Roles help manage sets of privileges efficiently. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you remove the updating privilege from user1?

<p>REVOKE UPDATE ON [Names] FROM user1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in checking the newly created login in SQL Server?

<p>Open the Object Explorer and expand the security folder. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After creating a new login, which command is necessary to update its name?

<p>ALTER LOGIN login_name_test WITH NAME = newlogin_name (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might databases use roles rather than grant privileges to individual users?

<p>It simplifies user management during updates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the command 'GRANT SELECT ON [Names] TO user1'?

<p>It grants user1 permission to view records in the Names table. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the db_securityadmin fixed database role?

<p>Manage role membership for custom roles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fixed database role allows members to read all data from user tables?

<p>db_datareader (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following roles would allow a user to add or remove access to the database for logins?

<p>db_accessadmin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable restriction of the db_denydatawriter fixed database role?

<p>Members cannot add or modify data in user tables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which role is responsible for backing up the database?

<p>db_backupoperator (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fixed database role has the ability to run any Data Definition Language (DDL) commands in a database?

<p>db_ddladmin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a user belongs to the db_datawriter role, what actions can they perform?

<p>Add, delete, or modify data in user tables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fixed database role can potentially elevate their privileges?

<p>db_securityadmin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the db_owner fixed-database role?

<p>To perform configuration and maintenance activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which role should a user be assigned if they should not read any data in the user tables?

<p>db_denydatareader (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you assign a user the db_owner role in a SQL Server database?

<p>USE myDB; ALTER ROLE db_owner ADD MEMBER user1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are user-defined database roles?

<p>Roles created based on user preferences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a fixed-database role?

<p>custom_role (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the db_securityadmin role primarily allow users to do?

<p>View and update the data in tables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fixed-database role allows a user to drop the database?

<p>db_owner (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of granting the db_denydatareader role to a user?

<p>The user cannot read any data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Data Administrator (DA)

A management role responsible for controlling corporate data resources (both computerized and manual).

Database Administrator (DBA)

A role responsible for maintaining a successful database environment, including design, implementation, maintenance, and security.

Database Security

DBMS features and measures to protect organization's data and system against threats.

SQL Security Model

Provides a syntax for specifying security restrictions within a database system.

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Users (in Database)

People or programs interacting with and performing actions on database objects.

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DA's role in database design

To define the logical boundaries and contents of the database.

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DBA's role in database design

To design, implement, maintain, and manage the physical structure (databases).

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Security Implementation Importance

Protects against data loss, corruption, mishandling, & service degradation, protecting data privacy and business integrity.

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Data Administrator (DA) vs. DBA

DA focuses on business needs (logical database design) and policies; DBA focuses on technical aspects (physical database management and maintenance).

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DBA's Managerial Tasks

Supporting end-users, defining/enforcing database policies, providing backup and recovery, and monitoring data.

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Database Objects

Elements like rows, columns, tables, indexes, and views that users can manipulate within a database.

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Database Privileges

Rights granted to users to perform actions (select, insert, delete, update) on database objects.

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Database Roles

Named collections of privileges that authorize users to access and use specific database resources.

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Authentication/Authorization

First steps to secure access to the SQL server instance (and database); verifying user identity and controlling their permissions.

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User Access Levels

Logins (server level) and users/roles (database level) grant access to the SQL server.

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Overlapping Roles

DA and DBA roles can sometimes overlap, especially when an organization doesn't have a DA, with DBA handling some of DA's duties.

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Database Logins

Connections to SQL Server services, requiring mapped database users for object access.

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Database User Permissions

Authorizations given to database users to control access to database objects.

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GRANT Command

SQL command to provide access privileges on database objects to users.

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REVOKE Command

SQL command to remove user privileges on database objects.

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Login Mapping

Connecting server-level logins to database users for access.

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SQL Server Instance

A particular SQL Server service.

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Database Objects

Elements in a database that users modify (tables, data etc.).

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User Access

The privileges granted to a user to modify a database or its contents.

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CREATE LOGIN

SQL command to create a login account for accessing the SQL Server.

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GRANT SELECT, UPDATE

SQL command to grant select and update permissions on a specific table to a user.

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REVOKE UPDATE

SQL command used to remove update permissions from a user on a specific table.

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ALTER LOGIN

SQL command to modify a login account's details like Name or Password.

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CREATE USER

SQL command to create a user within a specific database using a login.

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Database Role

A named collection of privileges for accessing the database resources.

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Login Account

A server-level account used to authenticate users for database access.

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SQL security

Security mechanisms in SQL Server for controlling access to database objects.

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Database-level roles

Predefined or custom roles in a database that assign privileges to users.

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db_owner role

A fixed database role allowing complete database management, including configuration, maintenance and dropping the database.

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db_denydatareader role

A fixed database role that prevents users from reading data in user tables.

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User-defined database roles

Roles created by the user based on their needs, offering specific permissions to users.

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Adding a user to a role

The process of assigning a user to a database role granting the associated privileges.

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SQL syntax for adding a user to the db_owner role

The specific SQL command to add a user to the db_owner role.

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Fixed-database role capabilities

The specific actions allowed by the predefined database role.

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User table data access for db_denydatareader

Members of the db_denydatareader role cannot access data in user tables.

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db_securityadmin role

This fixed database role allows modifying role memberships for custom roles and managing permissions.

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db_accessadmin role

This fixed database role manages database access for Windows logins, Windows groups, and SQL Server logins.

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db_backupoperator role

This fixed database role allows backing up the database.

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db_ddladmin role

This fixed database role executes Data Definition Language (DDL) commands.

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db_datawriter role

This fixed database role permits adding, deleting, or changing data in user tables.

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db_datareader role

This fixed database role allows reading data from user tables.

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db_denydatawriter role

This fixed database role prohibits adding, modifying, or deleting data in user tables.

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Database Role

A named set of privileges that control user access to database resources.

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Study Notes

Database Administration and Security

  • Database security involves measures to protect databases from unauthorized access, service interruptions, and data loss.
  • Data Administrator (DA) manages overall corporate data resources (manual and computerized).
  • Database Administrator (DBA) maintains database environment, ensuring security, design, implementation, and maintenance.
  • DA determines database contents and boundaries; DBA manages physical structures.
  • DBA's tasks include designing, implementing, maintaining, and securing database structures.
  • DA and DBA roles can overlap; if no DA, DBA handles both functions.
  • DBA supports end-users, enforces policies, handles data backup/recovery, and monitors data usage.

SQL Security Model

  • SQL security model specifies security restrictions enforced by the DBMS.
  • Users are people or processes with database access and unique IDs.
  • DBMS grants privileges for specific actions (e.g., SELECT, INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE) on database objects.
  • Objects are database entities like tables, rows, columns, indexes.
  • Privileges define user access rights to objects.
  • Roles are named collections of privileges authorizing database access.

Database Users

  • Security setup involves authentication and authorization.
  • Users, groups, or processes access SQL server at either server or database levels.
  • Server-level includes logins and server roles; database-level includes users and database roles.

Creating and Managing Logins

  • Login establishes connection to SQL Server.
  • Login must be mapped to a database user for database object access.
  • CREATE LOGIN command creates a new login with specific password.
  • ALTER LOGIN modifies login name or password.
  • Database object access requires proper login mappings and user privileges.

Database Privileges

  • Authorization controls access to database objects.
  • Each object has an owner; privileges control modifications by other users.
  • GRANT command provides database object access privileges to users or roles.
  • REVOKE command removes database object access privileges from users or roles.

Database Roles

  • Roles group privileges for efficient user management.
  • Roles streamline privilege assignment to multiple users.
  • Database-level roles are predefined and can be customized.
  • Predefined roles (e.g., db_owner, db_securityadmin) come with specific permissions.
  • Assign predefined or customized user roles for effective database access management.

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