Data Types II

A programming language feature where the type of a variable is determined at runtime, not compile time.

A set of types that share common operations, making them interchangeable for specific tasks.

A type class in Scala that defines how to compare values of any given type and determine their relative order.

A function that takes two values of the same type and returns a negative, positive, or zero value to indicate their order.

Writing code that can work with different data types, making it more flexible and reusable.

A sorting algorithm where each element in the list is inserted at its correct position relative to the already sorted sublist.

Restricting the types of data that can be used in a function to those belonging to a specific type class.

Ensuring that a function can handle any type that implements the compare function associated with the Ordering type class.

A type class that represents a totally ordered universe. It provides a way to compare elements in a type and allows for operations like sorting and searching.

A type class that represents numerical values. Enables arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

A type class that represents a type that can be compared using the compare method. This allows for operations like sorting and searching.

A type class that represents a type that supports arithmetic operations. This includes basic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

The process of defining a type class instance. It allows a type to conform to the methods and operations defined by a type class.

A way to import specific functionalities from a type class into the scope of your code. It makes using type class methods more concise by allowing you to use their methods directly.

Allows using the defined operations and methods of a type class directly on the type, without needing to explicitly call them.

A type class that represents integer types. It provides operations such as division and modulo, in addition to those defined by the Numeric type class.

A specialized data type in Scala that combines other types into a structured way, enabling efficient data representation and tailored operations.

A way to define a new data type with multiple constructors, each representing a distinct variant of the type. These constructors can be accessed directly or using pattern matching.

The process of examining the different constructors of an Enum type and executing specific code blocks based on the matched constructor variant.

A feature of Algebraic Data Types (ADTs) that allows constructors to accept parameters, providing additional information or data associated with each variant.

The ability of ADTs to work with different types, making them flexible and accommodating for various data structures and functions.

A way to use the operations defined by a type class without needing to specify the type class explicitly. This simplifies syntax and makes code cleaner.

A data type in Scala that can hold either a value or the absence of a value (None).

A function that returns an Option[Double] when dividing two numbers. If the divisor is zero, it returns None, otherwise it returns Some(a/b).

An algebraic data type in Scala representing the natural numbers. It includes two cases: Zero representing the number 0, and S(pred: Nat) representing the successor of another natural number.

A function that recursively converts a Nat value to its integer representation. It uses pattern matching to handle the Zero and S cases.

A tail-recursive function that converts a Nat value to its integer representation.

A function that converts an integer (n) to its corresponding Nat representation.

A function that calculates the sum of two Nat values.

A function that checks if two Nat values are equal.

A recursive function that checks if two natural numbers (Nat type) are equal. It uses pattern matching to compare the numbers based on their construction: Zero or successor (S) of another number.

A data type representing an empty list, defined as a case within the MyList enum.

A data type representing a non-empty list, defined as a case within the MyList enum. It contains an element of type T (head) and another MyList of the same type (tail).

A recursive function that calculates the length of a MyList. It uses pattern matching to check if the list is empty or not and recursively adds one to the length of the tail.

A recursive function that applies a function f to each element of a MyList and returns a new MyList with the transformed elements.

A recursive function that concatenates two MyLists. It uses pattern matching to check if the first list is empty and then recursively concatenates the tail of the first list with the second list.

A function that compares two natural numbers (Nat) and returns a negative value if the first argument is smaller, a positive value if the first argument is larger, and 0 if they are equal.

A mechanism in Scala to implement type classes for specific data types, making them compatible with generic operations like sorting.