Data Types and Database Planning

Recorded description or measurement of something. It can be structured, semistructured, or unstructured.

Data organized in a tabular format with rows and columns, making it easily analyzable.

Data with some organization, using categories and tags (identifiers). It's not as rigid as structured data.

Data without a defined format, often text-heavy, like emails, social media posts, or documents.

A container used to store organized data. It helps us manage and access information efficiently.

Organizing and structuring information into multiple related tables. It helps visualize relationships and create a clear picture of the data.

A type of database that stores related information in separate tables, allowing for efficient relationships between data points.

A domain-specific language designed for interacting with databases. It allows users to query, insert, update, and modify data.

The table that stores the data returned by a database query.

SQL statement used to create a new, blank table within a database.

SQL statement that adds data to an existing table.

The fundamental categories of data that SQL can store, including Numeric, Character, Boolean, and Date/Time.

A table that exists only for the duration of the current database session.

A SQL clause used to filter records based on specified conditions.

A symbol that can represent one or more characters in a search pattern.

A query nested within another query, allowing you to combine results from multiple data sources.

A SQL clause that combines records from two or more tables based on related columns.

A SQL operator that combines the result sets of two or more SELECT statements, eliminating duplicates.

A chart that shows the progression of a process or customer journey, with stages represented by progressively smaller sections, visualizing the drop-off at each stage.

A chart that displays data over time, showing trends and changes using connected points.

A chart that displays the relationship between two variables using points, showing correlation and outliers.

A chart that uses bars of different lengths to represent the magnitude of data categories, comparing values visually.

Analytics that describes past events and summarizes data, providing insights into what has happened.

Analytics that uses historical data and patterns to forecast future outcomes and trends.

Analytics that recommends actions based on predictions and optimization, telling you what to do.

Data collected at a single point in time, representing a snapshot of a population or event.

Data collected over time intervals, showing trends and changes over a period.

A chart that uses grouped bars for different categories, comparing values within those categories side by side.

Objects that are physically close to one another are perceived as belonging to the same group.

Objects that share common characteristics (color, shape, size, etc.) are perceived as belonging to the same group.

Objects that are physically linked or bound together are perceived as belonging to the same group.

Objects that are enclosed within a boundary are perceived as belonging to the same group.

This Excel chart type makes use of the Gestalt principle of Similarity.

Making a chart more informative by emphasizing data and minimizing non-data elements.

This action increases the data-ink ratio by removing visual clutter.

This increases the data-ink ratio because the legend becomes redundant.

Uses distinct colors to represent different categories of data, like different departments in a chart.

Uses a gradient of colors to represent data that changes in order, like a temperature scale.

Recorded descriptions or measurements of something in the real world, used to represent facts or observations.

The SAMPLE function in SQL allows you to view a random subset of data from a table, useful for quick visualization or analysis.

A column in one table that refers to the primary key of another table, establishing a connection between the tables.

This SQL statement permanently removes an existing table from the database.

The fundamental operations in SQL are SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE. These actions are used to retrieve, add, modify, and remove data from a database.

The '%' (percent sign) is a wildcard character in SQL that represents any number of zero or more characters in a search.

The IN operator in SQL checks if a value exists within a list of values. It's used for multiple comparisons within a WHERE clause.

The LEFT JOIN in SQL retrieves all records from the left table along with the matching records from the right table. If no match is found, it still includes the data from the left side.

A type of JOIN in SQL that allows a table to be joined with itself. This is useful for comparing data within the same table.

The UNION operator in SQL combines the result sets of multiple SELECT statements, removing duplicate rows.

A numerical value (1-10) assigned to a project to represent its potential risk, where 1 is the least risky and 10 is the riskiest.

A chart that represents data points as bubbles, with size and color correlated to different data values.

Objects with shared characteristics (color, shape, size) are perceived as belonging to the same group.

A type of memory that briefly holds visual information after the stimulus is removed.

The portion of a data visualization without any markings or elements.

A font style with small decorative strokes at the ends of letter strokes.

Visual features people can perceive effortlessly without conscious attention.

These attributes can be used to highlight important parts of a data visualization, reducing cognitive load for the audience.

Too many preattentive attributes can lead to clutter and distract viewers from the main message.

These include proximity, enclosure, size, color, and shape.