Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the three common methods of signal transmission in networks?
What are the three common methods of signal transmission in networks?
- Electrical signals, Optical signals, Mechanical signals
- Electrical signals, Chemical signals, Acoustic signals
- Electrical signals, Optical signals, Electromagnetic signals (correct)
- Electrical signals, Optical signals, Radio signals (correct)
Which category of personal data is created and explicitly shared by individuals?
Which category of personal data is created and explicitly shared by individuals?
- Inferred data
- Assumed data
- Observed data
- Volunteered data (correct)
What is the smallest piece of data recognized in computing?
What is the smallest piece of data recognized in computing?
- Byte
- Nibble
- Bit (correct)
- Pixel
How many bits are there in one byte?
How many bits are there in one byte?
Which method is used to represent data as electrical pulses on copper wire?
Which method is used to represent data as electrical pulses on copper wire?
What type of data is a credit score classified as?
What type of data is a credit score classified as?
What does the term 'media' refer to in the context of data transmission?
What does the term 'media' refer to in the context of data transmission?
Which of the following best describes observed data?
Which of the following best describes observed data?
What is the primary function of coaxial cable?
What is the primary function of coaxial cable?
Which component of a fiber-optic cable primarily allows light pulses to travel?
Which component of a fiber-optic cable primarily allows light pulses to travel?
What feature of coaxial cable helps to shield it from electromagnetic interference (EMI)?
What feature of coaxial cable helps to shield it from electromagnetic interference (EMI)?
Which material is used for the construction of fiber-optic cables?
Which material is used for the construction of fiber-optic cables?
The outer jacket of a fiber-optic cable serves which primary function?
The outer jacket of a fiber-optic cable serves which primary function?
In twisted-pair cabling, what determines the color coding of the wire pairs?
In twisted-pair cabling, what determines the color coding of the wire pairs?
What role does the cladding in a fiber-optic cable play?
What role does the cladding in a fiber-optic cable play?
What additional service can cable television providers offer using coaxial cable?
What additional service can cable television providers offer using coaxial cable?
What is the role of the transmission medium in communication?
What is the role of the transmission medium in communication?
Which of the following is NOT a protocol requirement for successful communication?
Which of the following is NOT a protocol requirement for successful communication?
What must happen to a message before it is transmitted over a network?
What must happen to a message before it is transmitted over a network?
Why may a longer message need to be broken into smaller pieces?
Why may a longer message need to be broken into smaller pieces?
Which factor is critical for determining the speed of data transmission?
Which factor is critical for determining the speed of data transmission?
What is meant by the term 'message format' in communication protocols?
What is meant by the term 'message format' in communication protocols?
What does the term 'acknowledgment requirements' refer to in communication?
What does the term 'acknowledgment requirements' refer to in communication?
Which of the following statements is true regarding communication protocols?
Which of the following statements is true regarding communication protocols?
What is the primary responsibility of the Internet Protocol (IP)?
What is the primary responsibility of the Internet Protocol (IP)?
Which layer of the TCP/IP model is responsible for supporting communication across diverse networks?
Which layer of the TCP/IP model is responsible for supporting communication across diverse networks?
What does the Network Access layer of the TCP/IP model control?
What does the Network Access layer of the TCP/IP model control?
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for managing dialogue between two communicating parties?
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for managing dialogue between two communicating parties?
What benefit does the layered model provide regarding collaboration between different vendor products?
What benefit does the layered model provide regarding collaboration between different vendor products?
Which OSI model layer provides a common representation for the data transferred?
Which OSI model layer provides a common representation for the data transferred?
Which layer of the TCP/IP model directly interacts with hardware devices?
Which layer of the TCP/IP model directly interacts with hardware devices?
What aspect of protocol design is assisted by the layered model?
What aspect of protocol design is assisted by the layered model?
What does the number 802.3 refer to in Ethernet standards?
What does the number 802.3 refer to in Ethernet standards?
What does the 'BASE' in 802.3 100BASE-T represent?
What does the 'BASE' in 802.3 100BASE-T represent?
How fast do the latest versions of Ethernet operate?
How fast do the latest versions of Ethernet operate?
What role does the MAC address serve on an Ethernet network?
What role does the MAC address serve on an Ethernet network?
Which command would you use to determine the MAC address of a Windows computer on an Ethernet network?
Which command would you use to determine the MAC address of a Windows computer on an Ethernet network?
What is indicated by the 'T' in 802.3 100BASE-T?
What is indicated by the 'T' in 802.3 100BASE-T?
How is a MAC address assigned to an Ethernet network interface?
How is a MAC address assigned to an Ethernet network interface?
Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of MAC addressing?
Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of MAC addressing?
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Study Notes
Data Transmission
- Types of Personal Data
- Volunteered Data: Shared by individuals, like social media profiles. Includes video files, pictures, text and audio files.
- Observed Data: Captured by recording actions, like location data from cell phones.
- Inferred Data: Based on analysis of volunteered or observed data, like credit scores.
The Bit
- Binary Digits: Computers use binary digits (bits), which have one of two values: 0 or 1.
- Smallest Piece of Data: A bit represents the smallest piece of data.
- Byte: A group of eight bits is called a byte.
- ASCII: The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) uses eight bits to represent characters.
- Capital Letter A: 01000001
- Number 9: 00111001
- Special Character #: 00100011
Common Methods of Data Transmission
- Media: Physical medium that signals are transmitted on, like copper wire, fiber-optic cable, or electromagnetic waves.
- Signals: Electrical or optical patterns transmitted between devices.
- Electrical Signals: Data is represented as electrical pulses on copper wire.
Coaxial and Fiber-Optic Cabling
- Coaxial Cable: Carries electrical signals with improved shielding compared to UTP.
- Used for cable TV, satellite communications, and internet service.
- Fiber-Optic Cables: Transmit data using pulses of light. Made of glass or plastic, immune to interference.
- Parts:
- Jacket: Protects against abrasion, moisture, and contaminants.
- Strengthening Material: Prevents stretching.
- Buffer: Shields core and cladding from damage.
- Cladding: Acts like a mirror.
- Core: Light transmission element at the center.
- Parts:
Twisted-Pair Operation
- UTP Cable Color Coding: Determined by the type of standard used.
- Communication Elements:
- Source: Sends the message (people or devices).
- Destination: Receives the message.
- Transmission Medium: Provides the path for the message.
The Rules
- Communication Protocols: Rules or agreements for communication.
- Message Format: Structure of messages depends on the message type and channel.
- Message Size: Rules govern the size of pieces transmitted across the network.
- Timing: Affects transmission speed and data volume.
- Protocols for Data Transmission:
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Reliable delivery and flow control.
- IP (Internet Protocol): Manages delivery of messages between sender and receiver.
- Ethernet: Manages message delivery between network interface cards (NICs) on a local area network (LAN).
Network Communication Models
- Layered Models: Depict protocol operations within each layer.
- Benefits:
- Helps with protocol design.
- Fosters competition between vendors.
- Enables technology changes in one level without affecting others.
- Provides a common language.
- Benefits:
- TCP/IP Model: Four layers:
- Application: Represents data to the user, encoding, and dialog control.
- Transport: Supports communication between devices across networks.
- Internet: Determines the best path through the network.
- Network Access: Controls hardware devices and media.
- OSI Reference Model: Seven layers:
- Application: Process-to-process communication protocols.
- Presentation: Data representation for transfer.
- Session: Organizes dialogue and manages data exchange.
Ethernet
- Ethernet Standards: Assigned by the 802.3 committee. Each version has a standard notation:
802.3 100BASE-T.100: Speed in Mbps.BASE: Baseband transmission.T: Type of cable (twisted-pair).
- Ethernet MAC Address: A physical address that identifies each host on the network.
- Assigned During Manufacturing: Every Ethernet network interface card (NIC) receives a unique MAC address.
- Lab - Determine MAC Address:
- Command:
ipconfig /allon a Windows computer. - Analyze MAC Address: Determine the manufacturer.
- Command:
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