Data Transmission and Networks Quiz

A computer that provides storage space for files that are shared between multiple users on the network, such as documents, spreadsheets, or images.

A type of network infrastructure that divides a larger network into smaller, isolated segments based on the user, device, or department. This isolation helps improve security by limiting who has access to specific network resources.

A network that covers a wide geographical area, such as a city, state, or country, and is used to connect computers over long distances. Examples include the internet or a cellular network.

A network consisting of sensors that collect data from their environment and transmit it to other devices. Examples include a doorbell with a motion sensor, a thermostat, or a medical device that monitors vitals.

A virtual machine (VM) is a software-based computer that runs within another computer's operating system.

A protocol that manages communication between devices on a network.

Routers are network devices that connect different networks together and forward data packets from one network to another. They use IP addresses to determine the correct path for data packets.

A network protocol used to communicate between different computers on a network. IP addresses are used to identify and locate each device on the network.

A unit of measurement for signal strength, where a 3 dB loss represents a halving of power.

A data transmission method where the clock signal is embedded within the data stream, allowing for more efficient synchronization.

The number of bits transmitted per second.

The number of signal changes (transitions) per second, regardless of the number of bits per change.

A coding scheme that maps four bits of data to five bits of code, providing better synchronization and error detection capabilities.

A type of digital modulation that uses multiple phase shifts to represent data, offering higher data rates compared to other methods.

A digital modulation technique that uses multiple amplitude levels to represent data, increasing the data transfer rate.

A theorem that sets the theoretical maximum data transfer rate for a given channel capacity, considering signal power and noise levels.

A network topology where all devices connect to a central hub. Common in home and small office networks. Offers easy setup, centralised management, and fault isolation.

A network topology that connects all devices to a shared cable. Cost-effective, simple installation. Susceptible to collisions when multiple devices transmit at the same time.

A network topology where every device is connected to every other directly. Reliable, but complex and expensive.

The process of eliminating loops in a network to prevent broadcast storms. Ensures efficient data transmission.

A physical network topology that combines a star and bus topology. Provides features of both, offering modular expansion. A hybrid of Star and Bus.

A method to segment a network into smaller logical groups, allowing different broadcast domains to operate independently. Enables granular traffic control and security.

Infrared (IR) is a line-of-sight technology that uses light waves to transmit data. It's well-suited for short-range applications and frequently employed in remote controls.

Zigbee is a wireless communication standard that's designed for low-power, low-bandwidth applications. It's frequently used in home automation systems and smart devices because of its ability to work over long distances.

A data link layer (DLL) is the second layer of the OSI model. It handles the creation of frames for data transmission, error checking, and addressing the recipient's physical port.

A switch is a network device that connects devices within a local network. They are able to learn the MAC address of each connected device and direct traffic accordingly.

Ethernet trailers contain error detection and correction information for the entire message. It helps verify the message's integrity during transmission.

Gaussian noise is a continuous, random disturbance in a signal. It's often caused by factors like heat or interference.

Impulse noise is a sudden, short burst of energy in a signal. It's often caused by electrical surges or switching events.

An unwanted signal that interferes with the intended message.

The delay or variation in the time it takes for packets to arrive at their destination.

Techniques that add extra bits to data to help detect errors during transmission. These bits are used to calculate a checksum, a value that is compared at the receiving end to verify data integrity.

A type of error detection technique where each character has a parity bit added to ensure that the total number of 1 bits in the character, including the parity bit, is even.

A method of error control where only one packet is sent at a time and a confirmation message is received before sending the next packet.

An error control method where multiple packets can be sent before receiving confirmation. The sender maintains a window of packets that can be sent, and the receiver acknowledges the packets as they are received.

The process of correcting errors detected during data transmission. This usually involves adding redundant information to the data stream, allowing the receiver to identify and fix any errors.

A connection that provides real-time communication, allowing immediate responses and updates. It's what enables you to have a back-and-forth conversation with someone instantly.

A message sent over the internet contains various layers of information. The network layer header is where the destination IP address is stored, allowing routers to direct the message to the correct recipient.

The single point of failure is the element that, if it fails, will disrupt the entire system. In Mae's architecture, the router is the central point that connects the local area network to the internet, making it the most critical component.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) allows users to rent virtualized computing resources like servers, storage, and networking from a cloud provider. Kason using a server in his private cloud is an example of IaaS since he controls the server's resources.

Data is the raw, unprocessed information, like the letters, numbers, and symbols that make up a message. It represents facts and figures in their original form.

Continuous signals can have an infinite number of values within a range, while discrete signals can only have a limited number of values.

Digital signals are more resistant to noise disruption, making information transmission more reliable. They also offer advantages in data compression and error correction.

Amplitude, frequency, and phase are the fundamental characteristics of any signal. They determine the signal's strength, how often it repeats, and where it starts its cycle, respectively.