Data Transmission and Encryption Quiz

The movement of data in the form of bits between two or more digital devices.

The physical medium used to transfer data, such as coaxial cable, fiber optics, or wireless signals.

Data transmission that occurs in one direction only, from sender to receiver.

Data transmission that allows communication in both directions, but only one direction at a time.

Data transmission that allows simultaneous communication in both directions.

The method of sending data, such as serial (one bit at a time) or parallel (multiple bits at a time).

The process of coordinating the timing of data transmission between sender and receiver.

The direction of data flow, which can be unidirectional (simplex) or bidirectional (half-duplex or full-duplex).

Data is sent one bit at a time over a single wire or channel. Bits are transmitted sequentially, like beads on a string.

Data is sent in both directions simultaneously over the same channel. Think of a two-way street with cars traveling in opposite directions at the same time.

Data is sent in one direction only, like a one-way street. It's like speaking to someone who can't respond.

Data can be sent in both directions, but only one direction at a time. Imagine a radio communication where you can only speak when the other party is silent.

Several bits of data (typically a byte) are transmitted over multiple wires or channels simultaneously. It's like sending a whole word through separate lanes of a highway.

Parallel data transmission is faster than serial data transmission but is vulnerable to data skewing over long distances where bits may arrive out of sync.

Serial data transmission is slower than parallel data transmission, but it is more reliable over long distances because there's less chance of data becoming skewed.

Parallel data transmission is commonly used to send data from a computer to a printer, while serial data transmission is used to send data over a telephone line.

A method for ensuring data integrity during transmission using positive and negative acknowledgements, re-transmission, and timeouts.

A code added to data before transmission to detect errors during transmission.

A message sent from the receiver to the sender to confirm successful data reception.

A message sent from the receiver to the sender indicating that data was received with errors.

The maximum time allowed for a response before resending data.

A method used to verify the integrity of a block of data during transmission. It involves calculating a checksum value from the data and sending it along with the data.

A single digit added to a code like an ISBN or bar code to verify its accuracy. It acts like a built-in error-detection system.

A checksum is calculated at the sending end and then recalculated at the receiving end. If the two checksums match, it signifies that the data transmitted was error-free.

If the checksums don't match during data transmission, it indicates an error in the data. This trigger a request for retransmission of the data.

A simple checksum algorithm that divides the sum of all bytes in the data block by 256, rounds the quotient down to the nearest whole number, multiplies it by 256, and subtracts this product from the original sum. The result is the checksum.

Technique that adds an extra bit (parity bit) to a byte to detect if a data bit has been flipped during transmission.

A parity bit is set to either 0 or 1 based on the total number of 1 bits in the data byte. Even parity ensures the total number of 1 bits is even, while odd parity ensures the total number of 1 bits is odd.

If the parity bit indicates a mismatch, it means an error occurred during transmission, but it doesn't tell where the error happened. This is a limitation of the technique.

Parity checking can detect single-bit errors, where only one bit changes during transmission. However, if two or more bits are flipped, the parity bit will not detect the error.

A method used for data transmission that involves sending the data twice so the receiver can verify that both copies match. If there's an error, the receiver can request retransmission.

ARQ adds extra control bits to each data frame, enabling detection and correction of errors through acknowledgments and retransmissions.

ARQ improves data transmission reliability by ensuring accurate data delivery. It addresses potential errors by requesting retransmissions when necessary.

A unique identifier used to decrypt encrypted messages. It is created in a matched pair with a public key. Only the receiver has access to the private key.

A publicly available identifier that is used to encrypt messages. Anyone can access it, and it can be used to send private messages to the receiver.

A process that converts plaintext into ciphertext using an encryption algorithm and a key.

A process that converts ciphertext back into plaintext using the corresponding decryption key.

A system that uses a pair of keys - a public key and a private key - to encrypt and decrypt messages. It ensures confidentiality by only allowing the receiver with the private key to decrypt the message.