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Questions and Answers
Which statement best describes continuous data?
What is a characteristic of discrete data?
How is ordinal data typically arranged?
Why is it important to summarize data before complex analysis?
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Which of the following is an example of continuous data?
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What is a common characteristic of categorical data that makes it ordinal?
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What can cause continuous data to appear discrete?
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What type of data is the number of previous pregnancies in a pregnant woman?
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What is a key characteristic of continuous measurements?
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Which of the following represents a type of categorical data?
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What is the primary function of coding in categorical data?
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In what scenario would you most likely not calculate a mean?
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Which of the following best exemplifies dichotomous data?
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Why might continuous data be categorized for reporting?
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Study Notes
Why Summarise Data
- Summarising data is essential for data quality monitoring.
- Important for data checking and cleaning processes.
- Helps establish baseline data in studies.
- Necessary prior to conducting complex analyses.
Quantitative Data
- Defined as data that can be measured numerically, encompassing both continuous and discrete types.
Continuous Data
- Exists on a continuum; can take any value within two limits, limited only by measurement accuracy.
- Examples include weight, which is measured on scales allowing for decimal representation.
Discrete Data
- Composed of specific values that do not lie on a continuum, usually represented by counts.
- Example includes the number of previous pregnancies, only whole numbers are relevant.
Ordinal Data
- Quantitative data are inherently ordinal, meaning values can be arranged numerically from smallest to largest.
- Often arises in questionnaire scales where total scores are derived from positive responses.
- Categorical data may also be inherently ordered, like stages of a disease.
- Continuous data may appear discrete due to measurement/reporting methods (e.g., gestational age may be noted in whole weeks but is continuous).
Categorical Data
- Data where individuals are classified into separate categories.
Examples
- Gender: male or female (2 classes).
- Disease status: alive or dead (2 classes).
- Stage of cancer: I to IV (4 classes).
- Marital status: various classifications (5 classes).
Ordering of Categorical Data
- Categories may be numerically coded for convenience, and may imply ordering (e.g., cancer stages).
- Calculating means for ordinal data (like cancer stages) is often unhelpful.
Dichotomous Data
- Type of categorical data with only two classes; also referred to as binary data.
Categorising Continuous Data
- Continuous data can be reclassified into groups for easier reporting.
- Example: reporting birth weight in bands to illustrate how many babies fall within each weight range.
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Description
This quiz covers the essentials of summarising data, including the importance of data quality monitoring, checking, and cleaning. It provides an overview of quantitative data, detailing continuous and discrete types, and sets the foundation for more complex analyses.
